A/p: Endocrine System

Front 1

small gland beneath hypothalamus; master gland; two lobes

Back 1

pituitary gland

Front 2

this gland produces GH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, FSH, and LH

Back 2

anterior pituitary gland

Front 3

this gland produces ADH and oxytosin

Back 3

posterior pituitary gland

Front 4

this is a bowtie shaped gland in the neck, just below the larynx

Back 4

thyroid

Front 5

this gland produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin

Back 5

thyroid

Front 6

this is a group of 4-5 tiny glands embedded in the back of the thyroid

Back 6

parathyroid glands

Front 7

these glands produce parathyroid hormone which promotes calcium mobilization and absorption

Back 7

parathyroid glands

Front 8

this is a long gland that lies below the stomach and produces insulin and glucagon

Back 8

pancreas

Front 9

this is another name for the alpha, beta and delta pancreatic islet cells which produce hormones

Back 9

islets of Langerhans

Front 10

this is a hormone made from beta cells in the pancreas that LOWER blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by the cells

Back 10

insulin

Front 11

this is a hormone made from alpha cells in the pancreatic islet cells which INCREASE blood sugar levels by various means

Back 11

glucagon

Front 12

These are pyramid shaped endocrine glands located above the kidneys

Back 12

adrenal glands

Front 13

these are the two divisions of the adrenal glands:

Back 13

cortex
medulla

Front 14

This glandular structure produces cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone)

Back 14

adrenal cortex

Front 15

This glandular structure produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 15

adrenal medulla

Front 16

These glands produce sex cells (gametes) and sex hormones

Back 16

gonads

Front 17

these are the male and female gonads which produce gametes

Back 17

testes and ovaries

Front 18

this is the hormone that the male gonads produce

Back 18

testosterone

Front 19

these are the hormones that the female gonads produce

Back 19

estrogen and progesterone

Front 20

this is an organ found in the mediastinum above the heart that produces specialized lymphocytes used in body immunity

Back 20

thymus

Front 21

this is a hormone that the thymus produces that stimulates the T cells in the body that the thymus already made

Back 21

thymosin

Front 22

this is a small gland found in the midbrain of the brainstem

Back 22

pineal gland

Front 23

this is the hormone that the pineal gland produces

Back 23

melatonin

Front 24

these are three hormone producing organs

Back 24

kidneys
placenta
stomach

Front 25

these are the two hormones produced by the kidneys

Back 25

renin
erythropoietin

Front 26

this hormone stimulates an increase in water retention by the body, thereby increasing blood pressure

Back 26

renin

Front 27

this hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells by the red bone marrow

Back 27

erythropeoietin

Front 28

this is an organ responsible for regulation of gas, nutrient waste and hormonal exchange between fetus and mother in utero

Back 28

placenta

Front 29

this hormone is produced in the placenta and stimulates the action of luteinizing hormone LH, growth hormone GH and prolactin PRL.

Back 29

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Front 30

this is the hormone that is detected in the urine by home pregnancy tests

Back 30

human chorionic gonadotropin

Front 31

this organ secretes hormones that stimulate the gallbladder and pancreas, promote digestion, and inform the brain when you have eaten enough

Back 31

stomach

Front 32

chorion =

Back 32

skin or leather
chorion in utero refers to the membrane of the uterus

Front 33

this is a hormone that controls the growth of bone and soft tissue; increases glycogen synthesis and fat metabolism

Back 33

growth hormone GH

Front 34

this hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones for the regulation of metabolism

Back 34

thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

Front 35

this hormone stimulates the growth and development of the adrenal cortex and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones eg cortisol

Back 35

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 36

this hormone stimulates the production of milk and promotes breast development during pregnancy

Back 36

prolactin (PRL)

Front 37

this hormone indirectly stimulates development of the egg or sperm

Back 37

follicle stimulating hormone

Front 38

this hormone acts with FSH to develop the follicle in the female; promotes ovulation in the female; stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the testes in the male

Back 38

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 39

this hormone increases water absorption in the kidneys and is also called vasopressin

Back 39

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 40

this hormone stimulates contraction of the uterus in childbirth and milk let-down from the mammary glands of the breast

Back 40

oxytocin

Front 41

this hormone increases the metabolic rate and regulates the rate of growth; aided by triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 41

thyroxine (T4)

Front 42

catabolism of carbohydrates = an increased...

Back 42

increased metabolic rate

Front 43

this hormone promotes calcium mobilization from bone tissue and calcium absorption from the intestine

Back 43

parathyroid hormone

Front 44

this hormone is released in resonse to stress; increases blood sugar levels, fatty acid immobilization and immunosuppression

Back 44

cortisol

Front 45

this hormone helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium uptake and potassium secretion by the kidneys

Back 45

aldosterone

Front 46

this hormone causes masculinization

Back 46

testosterone

Front 47

these two hormones cause feminization

Back 47

estrogen and progesterone

Front 48

this hormone produces a sympathetic response

Back 48

epinephrine

Front 49

this hormone produces a sympathetic response slightly less intense than that produced by epinephrine.

Back 49

norepinephrine

Front 50

this hormone regulates the production of sperm cells in the testes and the development of the penis and accessory glands; causes development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Back 50

testosterone

Front 51

this hormone regulates menstrual changes and sex drive

Back 51

estrogen

Front 52

this hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual organs and female secondary sex characteristics

Back 52

estrogen

Front 53

this hormone develops the uterus lining and prevents spontaneous abortion of the fetus

Back 53

progesterone

Front 54

this hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles of the body.

Back 54

melatonin