A & P Cranial Nerves & Test 3

Front 1

which amino acids are NTs?

Back 1

GABA, glycine, aspartic acid & glutamic acid

Front 2

what are 3 catecholamines

Back 2

epinephrine, norepinephrine & dopamine

(monoamines)

Front 3

what are 2 other monoamines?

Back 3

serotonin & histamine

Front 4

what neuropeptides are NT's?

Back 4

enkephalin, substance P, cholecystokinin, & beta-endorphin

Front 5

what 2 neuropeptides & opiodes?

Back 5

enkephalin & beta-endorphin

Front 6

gives rise to neurons & glial cells

Back 6

neural plate
- formed by ectoderm

Front 7

what are the primary vesicles?

Back 7

forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), & hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Front 8

secondary vesicles of prosencephalon

Back 8

telencephalon & diencephalon

Front 9

secondary vesicle of mesencephalon

Back 9

mesencephalon (undivided)

Front 10

secondary vesicle of rhombencephalon

Back 10

metencephalon & myelencephalon

Front 11

what does the myelencephalon differentiate into?

Back 11

medulla oblongata

Front 12

function of medulla

Back 12

sensory- sense of touch, pressure, temp, taste & pain
motor- chewing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, vom, speech, coughing, sneezing, etc

Front 13

what does the metencephalon differentiate into?

Back 13

pons & cerebellum

Front 14

what is function of cerebellum?

Back 14

coordination & balance

Front 15

functions of pons:

Back 15

sleep, respiration, posture, hearing, equilibrium

Front 16

what is in the mesencephalon (midbrain)?

Back 16

cerebral peduncles, cerebral aqueduct, & corpora quadrigemina

Front 17

what are superior colliculi responsible for?

Back 17

visual reflexes
- part of corpora quadrigemina

Front 18

what are inferior colliculi responsible for?

Back 18

sound reflexes
- part of corpora quadrigemina

Front 19

what parts of the brain form the diencephalon?

Back 19

thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus

Front 20

function of hypothalamus?

Back 20

hormone secretion, autonomic effects, food & water intake, sleep & circadian rhythms, memory & emotional behavior

Front 21

what does the telencephalon become?

Back 21

cerebrum

Front 22

functions of cerebrum:

Back 22

movement, sensory processing, olfaction, language & communication, learning & memory

Front 23

area for recognition of spoken & written language

Back 23

Wernicke's area

Front 24

forms a motor program for muscles for speech

Back 24

Broca's area
- plan of speech from wernicke's area

Front 25

same side of the body

Back 25

ipsilateral

Front 26

opposite side of the body

Back 26

contralateral

Front 27

Olfactory nerve (I)

Back 27

- sensory
- O: olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity
T: olfactory bulbs
F: smell

Front 28

Optic nerve (II)

Back 28

- sensory
O: retina
T: thalamus & midbrain
F: vision

Front 29

oculomotor (III)

Back 29

- predominantly motor
O: midbrain
T: levator palpebrae supieroris, superior, medial, & inferior rectus, & inferior oblique
A: eye movements, open eyelid

Front 30

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Back 30

- predominantly motor
O: midbrain
T: superior oblique muscle of eye
F: eye movements

Front 31

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Back 31

- mixed nerve
O: frontal & ethmoid sinuses, superir part of face, anterior 2/3 of tongue
T: pons (sensory), masseter, temporalis, pterygoid muscles (motor)
F: sensory- opthalmic, mandibular, maxillary divisions
motor- mastication

Front 32

Adbucens (VI)

Back 32

- predominantly motor
O: inferior pons
T: lateral rectus muscle of eye
F: lateral eye movement

Front 33

Facial nerve (VII)

Back 33

- mixed
O: sensory- taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor- pons
T: sensory- thalamus
motor- submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands
F: sensory- taste
motor- facial expression, secretion of tears, saliva, & mucus

Front 34

Vestibulochochlear nerve (VIII)

Back 34

- predominantly sensory
O: sensory- cochlea, semicircular ducts of inner ear
motor- pons
T: sensory- medulla, pons
motor- outer hair cells of cochlea & inner ear
F: hearing & equilibrium

Front 35

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Back 35

- mixed
O: sensory- pharynx, middle & outer ear, posterior 1/3 of tongue, internal carotid artery
motor- medulla
T: sensory- medulla
motor- pharyngeal muscles
F: sensory- taste, regulation of BP & respiration
motor- salivation, swallowing, gagging

Front 36

Vagus nerve (X)

Back 36

- mixed
O: sensory- viscera, tongue, pharynx, epiglottis
motor- medulla
T: sensory- medulla
motor- tongue, pharynx, lungs ,digestive tract
F: sensory- taste, sensation of hunger, fullness
motor- swallowing, speech, etc

Front 37

Accessory nerve (XI)

Back 37

- motor
O: medulla & spinal cord (C1-C6)
T: palate, pharynx, trapezius & sternocleidomastoid
F: swallowing, head & neck movements

Front 38

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Back 38

- motor
O: medulla
T: intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of tongue
F: tongue movements, speech, etc.

Front 39

function of gray matter

Back 39

neural integration

Front 40

function of white matter (cerebral)

Back 40

transmit signals from 1 region to another

Front 41

3 types of tracts

Back 41

1. projection- extend vertically btwn higher & lower brain & spinal cord centers
2. commissural tracts- cross form one cerebral hemisphere to another
3. association- connect diff regions within same cerebral hemisphere

Front 42

nerve in cervical plexus

Back 42

phrenic- C3, C4, C5
- innervates diaphragm

Front 43

nerves in brachial plexus

Back 43

- axillary- innervates deltoid
- radial- innervates triceps
- musculocutaneous- innervates biceps
- median
- ulna

Front 44

what makes up the cervical plexus

Back 44

C1-C5

Front 45

what makes up the brachial plexus

Back 45

C5-T1

Front 46

what makes up the lumbar plexus

Back 46

L1-L4

Front 47

what makes up the sacral plexus

Back 47

L4-S4

Front 48

nerves in lumbar plexus

Back 48

- femoral- innervates iliacus, psoas major, sartorious, & quadriceps femoris
- obturator- gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis

Front 49

nerves in sacral plexus

Back 49

- tibial nerve- innervates hamstrings, gastrocnemius, & soleus
- common fibular- biceps femoris

- both make up sciatic

Front 50

function of gray matter (spinal cord)

Back 50

site of all synaptic integration in CNS

Front 51

function of white matter (spinal cord)

Back 51

composed of tracts, carry signals from one part of CNS to another

Front 52

how many spinal nerves are there?

Back 52

31 pairs:
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral

Front 53

true or false- reflexes require stimulation

Back 53

true!