A & P -- Chemical Basis Of Life

Front 1

biochemistrty

Back 1

branch of science dealing with the chemistry of living organisms

Front 2

matter

Back 2

anything that has weight and takes up space (all solid, liquid, gas)

Front 3

elements

Back 3

chemical substance with only one kind of atom

Front 4

compounds

Back 4

substances composed of two or more chemically bonded elements

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atom

Back 5

1. smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element

Front 6

electron

Back 6

1. extremely small particle with almost no weight
2. carries a negative electrical charge
3. is in constant motion around the nucleus

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proton

Back 7

1. relatively large atomic particle
2. carries a positive electrical charge
3. found within the atomic nucleus

Front 8

neutron

Back 8

1. particle with about the same weight as a proton
2. uncharged and thus electrically neutral
3. found within an atomic nucleus

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ion

Back 9

particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more electrons

Front 10

molecule

Back 10

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

Front 11

molecule

Back 11

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

Front 12

molecule

Back 12

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

Front 13

molecule

Back 13

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

Front 14

molecule

Back 14

particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms

Front 15

bulk elements

Back 15

1. elements the body requires in large amounts
2. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium...respectively

Front 16

bulk elements make up what % of the human body by weight

Back 16

99%

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trace elements

Back 17

basic chemical substances needed in small quantity
*often important part of enzymes

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ultratrace elements

Back 18

needed in very small amounts
*often toxic in large amounts

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atomic number

Back 19

the number of protons in the nucleus of a particular atom

Front 20

atomic weight

Back 20

1. the number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
2. considered an avg of the isotopes present

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isotope

Back 21

atoms that have the same atomic number, but different atomic weights

Front 22

radioactive isotopes

Back 22

isotopes with unstable atomic nuclei which release pieces of themselves until they reach a stable form

Front 23

atomic radiation

Back 23

the fragments radioactive isotopes emit

Front 24

what are some elements that have radioactive isotopes

Back 24

oxygen
iodine
iron
phosphorus
cobalt

Front 25

what are three common forms of atomic radiation

Back 25

1. alpha
2. beta
3. gamma

Front 26

what are three common forms of atomic radiation

Back 26

1. alpha
2. beta
3. gamma

Front 27

what does alpha radiation consist of

Back 27

particles from atomic nuclei, each of which includes 2 protons and 2 neutrons, that move slowly and cannot penetrate matter easily

Front 28

what does beta radiation consist of

Back 28

smaller particles (electrons) which travel faster and penetrate matter more deeply than alpha

Front 29

what does gamma radiation consist of

Back 29

1. form of energy similar to x-ray radiation
2. most penetrating form of atomic radiation