A+P Chapter 10 Nervous Tissue And Brain Outline

Front 1

Purpose of the nervous system

Back 1

1)Bring information to the CNS

2)Interpret the information

3)Enable the body to respond to the information

Front 2

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Back 2

The nerves that connect the CNS with the remainder of the body

Front 3

Neurogila (gila)

Back 3

1)Support, protect, nourish, and take care if neurons

2)Do not conduct nerve impulses

Hint 3

Cell that makes up nervous system

Front 4

Neurons

Back 4

Conduct the nerve impulse

Hint 4

Cell that makes up nervous system

Front 5

The three parts of the neuron:

Back 5

1)Dendrites

2)Cell body

3)Axon

Hint 5

Neuron is a cell that makes up the nervous system/3 parts

Front 6

Dendrites

Back 6

Treeline structures that conduct the nerve impulse toward the cell body

Hint 6

Part of the neuron

Front 7

Cell body

Back 7

Part of the neuron

Hint 7

Part of the neuron

Front 8

Axon

Back 8

Conducts nerve impulse away from the cell body

Hint 8

Part of the neuron

Front 9

Types of neurons

Back 9

1) Sensory (afferent)

2) Interneurons

3) Motor (efferent)

Front 10

Sensory (afferent)

Back 10

Neurons that carry information toward the CNS

Hint 10

Type of neuron

Front 11

Interneurons

Back 11

Located within the CNS and make connections between sensory and motor neurons

Hint 11

Type of neuron

Front 12

Motor (efferent)

Back 12

These neurons carry information away from the CNS toward the periphery

Hint 12

Type of neuron

Front 13

White matter

Back 13

Is due to myelinated fibers

Front 14

Gray matter

Back 14

Composed primarily of:

1) Cell bodies

2) Interneurons

3) Unmyelinated fibers

Front 15

Ganglia or nuclei

Back 15

Clusters of cell bodies (gray matter) dispersed throughout white matter

Hint 15

Gray matter

Front 16

Action potential (nerve impluse)

Back 16

Electrical signal

Front 17

The nerve impluse is due to?

Back 17

Changes within the neuron

Front 18

Polarization

Back 18

The inside of the cell is negative

Hint 18

Nerve impluse

Front 19

Deplorarization

Back 19

The inside of the cell is positive

Hint 19

Nerve impluse

Front 20

Repolarization

Back 20

The inside of the cell is negative

Hint 20

Nerve impluse

Front 21

The nerve impluse is due to?

Back 21

Flows or fluxes of ions

Front 22

The resting membrane potential (polarization) is due to?

Back 22

Outward Flux of K+

Hint 22

Flows or fluxes of ions

Front 23

Deplorarization is due to?

Back 23

The influx of Na+

Hint 23

Flows of fluxes of ions

Front 24

Repolarization is due to the?

Back 24

Effluent of K+

Hint 24

Flows or fluxes of ions

Front 25

Refractory period of the neuron

Back 25

1) Unresponsive period of the neuron 2) It is the inability of a cell to receive a depolarizating stimulus

Front 26

Saltatory, or leaping, conduction

Back 26

1) How the nerve impluse moves along a myelinated axon

Front 27

What increases the speed of the nerve impluse as it travels along the axon?

Back 27

The myelin sheath

Front 28

What causes the release of the neurotransmitter from the axon terminal?

Back 28

The nerve impluse

Front 29

Synapse

Back 29

Is a space between two neurons

Front 30

The parts of the synapse

Back 30

1) Axon terminal

2) Synaptic cleft

3) Neurotransmitters

4) Inactivators

5) Receptors

Front 31

Nerve impluse sequence

Back 31

1) The nerve impluse of the first (presynaptic) neuron causes the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

2)The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptors on the second (postsynaptic) membrane.

3) The activation of receptors stimulates a nerve impluse in the second neuron

Front 32

Brain structure

Back 32

1) Cerebrum

2) Diencephalon

3) Brain stem

4) Cerebellum

Front 33

Corpus callosum

Back 33

Joins the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

Hint 33

Cerebrum

Front 34

Outer and inner layers of the cerebrum

Back 34

1) Outer layers: gray

2) Inner layers: white

Hint 34

Cerebrum

Front 35

The gray matter is arranged in?

Back 35

Convolutions (gyri)

Hint 35

Cerebrum

Front 36

The gyri are separated by?

Back 36

Sulci

Fissures

Hint 36

Cerebrum

Front 37

4 main types of cerebral lobes

Back 37

1) Frontal

2) Parietal

3) Temporal

4) Occipital lobes

Hint 37

Cerebrum

Front 38

Association areas

Back 38

1) Large areas of the cerebrum

2) Concerned with interpreting, integrating, and analyzing information

Hint 38

Cerebrum

Front 39

Patches of gray (nuclei)

Back 39

Are scattered throughout the cerebrum (and other parts of the brain)

Hint 39

Cerebrum

Front 40

Diencephalon

Back 40

1) The thalamus

2) The hypothalamus

Front 41

The thalamus

Back 41

Is a relay station for most sensory and motor tracks traveling to and from the cerebrum

Hint 41

Diencephalon

Front 42

The hypothalamus

Back 42

Controls many body functions such as:

1) Water balance

2) Temperature

3) Secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland

4) Excerts an effect on the autonomic nervous system

Hint 42

Diencephalon

Front 43

Brain stem

Back 43

Formed by:

1) mid brain

2) pons

3) medulla oblongata

Front 44

Medulla oblongata

Back 44

1) Vital center

2) It controls: heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations (vital functions)

Hint 44

Brain stem

Front 45

Cerebellum

Back 45

Little brain

Front 46

What is the cerebellum primarily concerned with?

Back 46

Voluntary muscle activity

Front 47

Limbic system

Back 47

Emotional brain

Front 48

Reticular formation

Back 48

1) Concerned with the sleep wake/cycle

2) keeps us conscious and prevents us from slipping into a coma state

Front 49

Cranium and vertebral column

Back 49

1) Composed of hard bone

2) House the brain

3) House spinal cord

Hint 49

Protection of CNS

Front 50

Pia matter

Arachnid

Durango matter

Back 50

Three layers of Meninges that surround the CNS

Front 51

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 51

Secreted across the:

ependymal cells of the choroid plexus within the cerebral ventricles

Front 52

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Back 52

Circulates through the subarachnoid space, surrounding the brain or the spinal cord

Hint 52

Protection of CNS

Front 53

Blood-brain barrier

Back 53

1) Refers to the selectivity of the cells of the capillaries within the brain

2) It prevents toxins from entering the CNS from the blood

Hint 53

Protection of the CNS