A & P Ch. 9 - The Muscles

Front 1

Origin

Back 1

Attachment site of muscle that is relatively stable
Generally closer to the midline of the body.)

Front 2

Insertion

Back 2

Attachment site of muscle to movable bone

Muscles may have multiple origins and insertions

Front 3

Tendons

Back 3

Bandlike extensions of the connective tissue wrapping muscle fibers.
May be less than an inch to more than a foot.

Front 4

Aponeuroses

Back 4

Sheetlike, thin tendons that attach muscles to bones.
Sometimes attach to the fascia of other muscles rather than bones. Often associated with muscles of trunk.

Front 5

Movement

Back 5

occurs when tow or more muscles act together.

Front 6

Agnosts

Back 6

Prime movers - muscles acting most directly during a given movement

Front 7

Antagonists

Back 7

Muscles that act in opposition to the agnosts.

Front 8

Serratus anterior

Back 8

flat saw-toothed muscle on the side of the chest. Origin on outer surface of the first nine ribes.
Insertion at costal surface of scapula.

Front 9

Trapezius

Back 9

Flat, triangular muscle along the spines of several vertebrae.
Inserts at both clavicle and scapula.
Adducts the shoulder girdle
Pulls body toward trunk.
Rotates the scapula

Front 10

Latissimus dorsi

Back 10

Large muscle of back.
Origins on spines of several thoratic vertebare
Insertion by a flat tendon into inter-tubercular groove of the humerus.

Front 11

Pectoralis Major

Back 11

One of the large triangular muscles on the anterior chest wall
Originates on bones and cartilages of the thorax and clavicle
Inserts into humerus.
Flexes arm

Front 12

Deltoid

Back 12

Shoulder pad muscle
Origin at acromion process of the scapula and clavicle
Insertion at humerus

Front 13

Pectoralis minor

Back 13

Small triangular muscle under pectoralis major
Originates on ribs
Inserts at coracoid process of scapula

Front 14

Biceps Brachii

Back 14

Most superficial muscle of the upper arm
Origin - has two heads at scapula
Inserts into radius
Spans two joints: Elbow and shoulder

Front 15

Triceps brachii

Back 15

Large muscle on posterior portion of arm
Three heads at origin - two at humerus, and one at scapula.
Inserts at olecranon process of ulna.

Front 16

Coracobrachialis

Back 16

On anterior surface.
Reaches from scaula to humerus
Fl;exes and aducts upper arm

Front 17

Brachialis

Back 17

Originates on anterior shaft of humerus and inserts at coronoid process of ulna.

Front 18

Brachioradialis

Back 18

Originates at distal lateral end of the humerus
Inserts at lateral surface of radius.
Flexes the arm at the elbow.

Front 19

Supinator

Back 19

Originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus
Inserts at upper region of the radius
Brings about supination

Front 20

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Back 20

Muscles of the forearm that rotate the arm medially.

Front 21

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 21

muscles of the forearm that allow flexion of the wrist

Front 22

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extansor carpi ulnaris.

Back 22

muscles of the forearm that allow extention of the

Permit abduction and adduction of the wrist.

Front 23

Opposition

Back 23

ability to touch thumb to tips of each other digit.

Front 24

Dorsal interosseus muscles

Back 24

Permit abduction and adduction of fingers

Front 25

Synovial sheaths

Back 25

Tunnels that contain tendons running from forearm to fingers.

Front 26

Psoas major

Back 26

Major muscle on anterior thigh surfacde
Joins the lower extremity to axial slkeleton
Originates at bodies of lumbar vertebrae
Passes through the pelvis
Enters thigh and inserts into lesser trochanter of femur.

Front 27

Iliacus

Back 27

Another muscle of anterior surface of thigh
Originates at iliac fossa of the ilium
Inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur (together with the psoas muscle.)

Front 28

Iliopsoas

Back 28

Iliacus + Psoas
Permits flexion at hip joint

Front 29

Sartorius

Back 29

Anterior surface of the thigh
Long slender muscle
Originates at iliac spine
Inserts into medial surfacde of the tibia.

Front 30

Quadriceps femoris

Back 30

Makes up main fleshy bulk on anterior thigh surface
Four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius.

Front 31

rectus femoris,
vastus lateralis,
vastus medialis and
vastus intermedius.

Back 31

R.F. - Origin at ilium
Others originate at femur.

Extensors of the leg

Front 32

Semimembranosus

Back 32

muscle on posterior surface of the thigh
Originates at iscial tuberosity
Inserts at proximal end of tibia
One of three hamstring muscles
Flexes leg and rotates medially to extend thigh

Front 33

Hamstring muscles

Back 33

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris

Front 34

Semitendinosus

Back 34

Long bandlike muscle that conects the ischium to the proximal end of the tibia
Becomes tendenous at middle of thigh

Front 35

Biceps femoris

Back 35

Muscle has two heads - one long, one short.
Inserta at head of fibula
Extends the thigh and flexes and rotates the leg

Front 36

Adductor group of muscles

Back 36

Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
All have origins at body of the pubis and insertions at femur
All adduct the thigh

Front 37

Gluteus maximus

Back 37

Largest muscle of buttocks
Originatess at sacrum and coccyx and along posterior ileum surface
Inserts on femur

Front 38

Gluteus medius

Back 38

Originates at ileum's lateral surface
Inserts at greater trochanter of the femur

Front 39

Gluteus minimus

Back 39

Originates at ileum's lateral surface (like medius)
Abducts the thigh

Front 40

Tibialis anterior

Back 40

On anterior surface of leg
Lies immediately lateral to the tibia
Origin on tibia
Insertion in tarsals and metatarsals
Inverts foot and flexes the foot upward

Front 41

Gastrocnemius

Back 41

On posterior surface of leg
Originates at medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Inserts to the calcaneus (a tarsal)via the Achilles tendon
Plantar flexion (turns foot downward)

Front 42

Soleus

Back 42

On posterior surface
Lies under Gafcnemius
Originating at tibia and fibula
Inserts to the calcaneus (a tarsal)via the Achilles tendon

Front 43

Triceps surae

Back 43

Muscle pair of gastrocnemius and soleus
Shapes posterior calf

Front 44

Peroneus longus

Back 44

One of the lateral muscles of the leg.
Originates at upper part of fibula
Inserts to cuneiform and first metatarsal bones

Front 45

Peroneus brevis

Back 45

Brings about enversion of the foot
Inserts into fifth metatarsal

Front 46

Longus coli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior

Back 46

Major muscles that flex the head
Originate on the upper vertebrae
Insert on occipital bone or upper cervical vertebrae

Front 47

Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis
Longissimus

Back 47

Major extensors of the head
Origins on vertebrae
Insertions on occipital or temporal bone

Front 48

Temporalis

Back 48

Originates at temporal bone
Closes the jaw

Front 49

Masseter

Back 49

Origin at zygomatic arch ofthe temporal and zygomatid bones
Closes the jaw

Front 50

Medial pterygoid

Back 50

Origin at pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and adjacent parts of the maxilla and palatine bones
Inserts into inner surface of the ramus of the mandible.

Front 51

Lateral pterygoid

Back 51

Moves the jaw from side to side
Protrudes the jaw, helps open the mouth
Inserts into middle of the neck of the mandible

Front 52

Four muscles responsible for moving mandible (chewing)

Back 52

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Front 53

Six muscles for facial expressions

Back 53

Orbicularis oculi - closes eyelid
Platysma - angle of mouth pulled downward; pouting
Orbicularis oris - kissing muscle - closes mouth, pucker
Zygomaticus - corner of mouth drawn up; smiling
Buccinator
Epicranious - raises eyebrow
Most have origin at skull surface and fascia

Front 54

Cutaneous muscles

Back 54

attached to skin

Front 55

Extrinsic muscles

Back 55

Muscles that move the eyeball

Front 56

Intrinsic muscles of eye

Back 56

Change the shape of the lens (ciliary muscle), dilate and constrict the pupil
Four rectus muscles that bring about elevation, rotation, adduction and abduction of the eyeball.

Front 57

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 57

Originates on sternum and upper surface of clavile
Inserts on mastoid process of temporal bone

Front 58

Infrahyoid muscles

Back 58

Long, narrow, flat muscles are located in front of the neck.
Cover the lateral surface of the thyroid gland
draws the larynx and hyoid bone downward for swallowing

Front 59

Linea alba

Back 59

Extends in the midline of the abdominal wall from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
Consists of connective tissue, with no muscle, nerves or large vessels

Front 60

Rectus abdominis

Back 60

Long, flat, staplike muscle on either side of the linea alba
Connects pubic bones to the ribs and sternum, compresses the abdominal cavity
Helps to flex the vertebral column
Origin at crest of pubis
Insertion at the xyphoid process

Front 61

External oblique

Back 61

arising from lower 8 ribs, traveling downward
(love handles)

Front 62

Internal oblique

Back 62

On middle layer of the three muscle sheets lateral to the rectus abdominus

Front 63

Transverseus abdominis

Back 63

Originates at lower ribs and processes of the lumbar vertebrae3
Inserts at linea alba and pubif crest
Function - to tense the abdominal wall

Front 64

Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles

Back 64

Major muscles of inspirationLe

Front 65

Levator ani

Back 65

Dual muscle having origin in walls and floor of pelvis at pubis and ischium
Each muscle inserts in the opposite muscle to for a raphe and createa sling

Front 66

Coccygeus

Back 66

small fan-shaped muscle that asists the levator ani
Originates at the spine of the ischium and inserts at the coccyx
Helps support the pelvic organs