A & P Ch 4 Biol 3355

Front 1

Name the 4 basic tissue types?

Back 1

neural, muscle, connective, and epithelial

Front 2

Name the 5 characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Back 2

CPAAR
cellularity, polarity, attachemnt, avascularity, regeneration

Front 3

Cellularity?

Back 3

cell closely bound by cell junctions

Front 4

Polarity?

Back 4

uneven distribution of cytoplasm and organelles.
difference in struture and function of apical and basal surface

Front 5

Attachment?

Back 5

bound to basal lamina

Front 6

Avascularity?

Back 6

obtain nutrients by diffusion

Front 7

Regeneration?

Back 7

high rate of cell division and replacement

Front 8

Give the 4 functions of epithelial?

Back 8

control permeability, protection, provide sensation, produce secretions

Front 9

List major epithelial cell specializations and their locations?

Back 9

Generally polar

movement of fluids over a surface for lubrication and protection, movement of fluids through epithelium to control permeability, produce secretions for protection or as a messenger.

Front 10

Microvilli?

Back 10

Increase surface area, sign of site of absorbtion and secretion.

Front 11

Cilia?

Back 11

use a beating motion to move substances ex mucus.

Front 12

Name 3 factors that give epithlial its strength or integrity?

Back 12

intercellular conncetions,attachment to basal lamina, maintanence and repair (regeneration)

Front 13

Name the 3 cell junctions?

Back 13

tight, gap, and desmosome( divided into button and hemi)

Front 14

Tight?

Back 14

Uses a continuous adhesion belt to bind by interlockin membrane protiens to lipid portion of nighbors. prevent passage of water and solutes like digestive track

Front 15

Gap?

Back 15

intercellular communication by channel proteins connexons which allow movement of small molecules and ions,ex cells w/ cilia or cardiac & smooth muscle

Front 16

Mechanical stresses?

Back 16

bending, stretching, twisting, or compression

Front 17

Desmosomes?

Back 17

PROTEOGLYCANS(INTERCELLULAR CEMENT)AND CAMs LINK OPPOSING CELL MEMBRANES at the desne area which is connected to the cytoskeleton TO CREATE A STRONG DURABLE CONNECTION

Front 18

Button desmosomes?

Back 18

Small disks of intermediat fibers that act as cross braces

Front 19

Hemidesmosome?

Back 19

Half buttons that bind to extracellular filaments and anchor cell position to underlying connective tissue

Front 20

Basal lamina?

Back 20

or basement membrane made of 2 layers

Front 21

lamina lucida?

Back 21

thin clear layer that contains glycoproteins and acts as barrier to large molecules and protein

Front 22

Lamina densa?

Back 22

deeper layer, gives it its strength fibers attach the two layers and hemidesmosomes attach cell to basal lamina. densa also acts as a filter that determins what substances can diffuse b/t tissues

Front 23

simple epithelia?

Back 23

1 layer thick, frigile, found in internal compartments and pasageways including ventral body cavities heart chambers and blood vessels, good for secretion and absorbtion

Front 24

Stratified?

Back 24

more than 1 layer thick provide protection from mechanicle or chemical stresses found in the skin and lining of the mouth

Front 25

Squamous?

Back 25

thin flat jigsaw like,

Front 26

Cuboidal?

Back 26

tiny boxes or hexagons nucleus in the middle

Front 27

Columnar?

Back 27

tall and slender

Front 28

Mesothelium?

Back 28

simple squamous that line chambers or passageways that do not communicate w/ the outside world ex superficial layer of pleura, peritoneum and pericardium

Front 29

Endothelium?

Back 29

simple squamous epithelial lining inner surface of heart and blood vessels
endo inside

Front 30

germinative cells

Back 30

stem cells located near the basal lamina

Front 31

Simple squamous?

Back 31

line ventral body cavities inside(endo) and out(meso),secretion absorbtion, slick slippery surface reduces friction, controls vessle permeability

Front 32

Stratified squamous?

Back 32

layers proved protection against abrasions (mechanical), patogen or chemical attack some cells are keritinized

Front 33

Keratin?

Back 33

protein that is water resistant and tough can protect against dehydration

Front 34

Simple cuboidal?

Back 34

limited protection, secretion and absorbtion found in gland, ducts,lines kidney tubules thyroid gland

Front 35

Stratified cuboidal?

Back 35

rare line some ducts protection secretion absorbtion found in sweat and mammary glands

Front 36

Simple columnar?

Back 36

protection secretion absorption found in stomach small and large intestine

Front 37

Stratified columnar?

Back 37

protection, found in

Front 38

Endocrine?

Back 38

release hormones directly into interstitiual fluid to regulate tissues, organs and organs systems

Front 39

exocrine?

Back 39

glands w/ ducts

Front 40

give 3 modes of secretion?

Back 40

meracrine, apocrine, holocrine

Front 41

meracrine?

Back 41

most common release by exocytosis ex sweat and salivary

Front 42

apocrine?

Back 42

apo = off
shed off a portion of cytoplasam w/ secretory vesicles ex mammary are both apo and mera

Front 43

Holocrine?

Back 43

burst like a lytic cell releasing vesicles

Front 44

Give 3 types of secretions?

Back 44

serous, mucous, mixed

Front 45

serous secretions?

Back 45

secretes watery solution of enzymes ex partoid salivary gland

Front 46

Mucous secretions?

Back 46

secretes mucin that hydrates to mucous ex sublinguil salivary gland and submucosal of small intestine

Front 47

Mixed secretions?

Back 47

ex submandibular

Front 48

Goblet cell?

Back 48

only unicellular exocrine gland, which secretes mucin ex tracha small and large intestine

Front 49

Multicellular exocrine glands are characterized by 3 characteristics?

Back 49

duct structure(simple compound)
Shape (tubular-straight or coiled,alveolar or acinar)
Relationhip b/t duct and gland area branched or not

Front 50

Gland cells?

Back 50

epithelial cells that produce secretions

Front 51

Connective tissues have?

Back 51

specialized cell, extra cellular protein fibers, a fluid known as ground substance

Front 52

Matrix?

Back 52

Extracellular fluid and ground substance
matrix accounts for most of epithelial tissue volume

Front 53

What does connective tissue do?

Back 53

highly vascular contains sensory receptors, establishs framework by supporting surrounding and interconnecting other tissues, transports fluid, protects organs, store energy and defends agains microbs

Front 54

3 general connective tissues are?

Back 54

connective tissue proper, fluid and supporting

Front 55

Connective tissue proper?

Back 55

divided into loose and dense

Front 56

Fluid connective tissue?

Back 56

two types blood and lymph, cells suspended in watery matrix that contains dissolved proteins

Front 57

Supporting connective tissue?

Back 57

Cartilage and bone support weight of body and protect soft tissue, cartilage matrix is gel, bone is calcified