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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are blood components known as
formed elements
The pH of the blood is usually about
7.35 to 7.45
The blood albumins are made by the
liver
The fluid portion of the blood is the
plasma
When the blood-clotting proteins are removed from the plasma, the plasma is then known as
serum
Among the major ions transported by the blood are calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and
sodium
Those plasma proteins that contribute to the viscosity of the blood and are partly responsible for maintaining the constant pH of the blood are known as
albumin proteins
The antibodies belong to a major group of plasma proteins called
globulin proteins
Approximately 7 percent of the plasma protein consists of a liver blood clotting protein known as
fibrinogen
The plasma proteins encourage the movement of water from the tissue fluids into the bloodstream, and this movement of water is known as
osmosis
The major pigment that transport oxygen within red blood cells is
hemoglobin
Red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes
The number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter in an adult male is approximately
5.8 million
The number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter in an adult female is approximately
4.8 million
The shape of a red blood cell is that of a
bioconcave disk
When a red blood cell shrinks in solutions that contain excessive solutes, the process is called
crenation
When red blood cells swell and burst in solutions that contain low concentrations of solutes, the process is
hemolysis
Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow through a process known as
erythropoiesis
When mature, the red blood cells enter the body capillaries from the bone marrow by squeezing through the walls of the capillaries in a process that is called
diapedesis
The two polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecule are known as
alpha and beta chains
The iron-containing group of teh hemoglobin molecule that binds to oxygen molecules is known as the
heme group
When oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin molecule, the hemoglobin molecule is known as
oxy hemoglobin
When carbon dioxide is bound to the hemoglobin molecule, the hemoglobin molecule is known as
carb oxy hemoglobin
The main portion of carbon dioxide is transported through the plasma dissolved as
bicarbonate ions
Red blood cells circulate in the human blood stream for approximately
120 days
After breakdown, the hemoglobin pigment of red blood cells is eventually converted to a bile pigment known as
bilirubin
The production of red blood cells is regulated by a hormone known as
erythropoietin
A lack of vitamin B12 may result in a condition known as
pernicious anemia
Such things as X-rays and drugs may prevent the production o red blood cells, a condition called
aplastic anemia
A genetic deect that encodes hemoglobin may lead to crystallization of the hemoglobin and a deformity of the red blood cells to a C-shape. This is the disease known as
sickle cell anemia
When the body fails to synthesize one or more of the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin, the condition that results is called
talassemia
An alternative name for white blood cell is
leukocytes
A normal adult has a white blood cell count per cubic millimeter that numbers about
7000
The white blood cells develop within the
red bone marrow
Neutrophils and basophils are types of white blood cells known as
granulocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes have no granules in their cytoplasm and are therefore known as
agranulocytes
The principal function of the neutrophil is
phagocytosis
The granules of the eosinophil stain with acidic dyes and appear
red
The percentage of the total white blood count that is basophils is approximately
1 percent
The lymphocytes are important cells of the body system known as the
immune system
When the monocytes enter the tissue environment, they change into large phagocytic cells called
macrophages
Antibodies are produced by white blood cells known as
lymphocytes
A general reduction of white blood cells in the body is referred to as
leukopenia
Blood platelets are produced in the bone marrow by large cells called
megakaryocytes
A mass of platelets are produced in the bone marrow by large cells called
platelet plug
In the intrinsic pathway, an important factor that initiates the chemical pathway is called Factor
XII
In the intrinsic pathway, substances damaged rom blood vessels release and activating substance called
thromboplastin
The substance thrombin is responsible for activating the conversion of fibrinogen to
fibrin
The accumulation of cholesterol substances within the inner wall o a blood vessel encourages a condition called
atherosclerosis
A condition in which a blood clot moves from one part of the body to another is known as an
embolism
Plaques of cholesterol stimulate the production of blood clots called
thrombus