A & P Ch. 11 - The Nervous System: Organization

Front 1

The brain and spinal cord are components of the

Back 1

Central Nervous system

Front 2

Most of the substance of the brain and spinal cord is composed of

Back 2

Interneurons

Front 3

The peripheral nervous system is composed primarily of the dendrites of sensory neurons and axons of

Back 3

motor neurons

Front 4

The axons and dendrites extend from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands and form

Back 4

Nerves

Front 5

The spinal cord passes downward from the brain and extends through a bony tunnel found in the

Back 5

Vertebrae

Front 6

The inner material of the spinal cord is gray matter, while the outer portion is

Back 6

White matter

Front 7

The three membranes surrounding and protecting the spinal cord are called

Back 7

Meninges

Front 8

The outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord is the

Back 8

Dura mater -
tough fibrous connective tissue with many blood vessels and nerves

Front 9

The inner membrane surrounding the spinal cord and having many blood vessels is the

Back 9

Pia mater - very thin

Arachnoid mater is 3rd membrane

Web like layer with blood vessels that reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid

Front 10

Clear watery fluid is found in the central canal of the spinal cord and is called

Back 10

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 11

The ventral root of the spinal cord contains the axons of

Back 11

Motor neurons

Front 12

Injury to the ventral root of the spinal cord results in a condition called

Back 12

paralysis

Front 13

The spinal cord is continuous with the

Back 13

Brain (medulla oblongata)

Front 14

The nerve tracts carrying information away from the brain through the spinal cord are known as

Back 14

Descending tracts

Front 15

The spinal cord serves as a coordination center for the

Back 15

Reflex arc

Front 16

The brain receives impulses from the spinal cord as wall as from 12 pairs of

Back 16

Cranial nerves

Front 17

The brain is composed of 2 major

Back 17

hemispheres

Front 18

Cerebrospinal fluid flows through the cavities of the brain as well as in the

Back 18

subarachnoid space

Front 19

The brain consumes about one quarter of the body's

Back 19

Oxygen

Front 20

The inner portion of the brain is mainly composed of white matter while the outer portion is composed of

Back 20

Gray matter

Front 21

The numerous convolutions of the brain are called

Back 21

Gyri

Front 22

The anterior portion of each hemisphere is occupied by a lobe called the

Back 22

frontal lobe

Front 23

At the posterior portion o the brain hemispheres is a lobe called the

Back 23

Occipital lobe

Front 24

The region of the frontal lobe concerned with motor function for speech is

Back 24

Broca's area

Front 25

The sense of smell is located deep within a portion of the brain known as the

Back 25

Cerebrum

Front 26

The interpretation of visual patterns occurs in the lobe o the brain known as the

Back 26

Occipital lobe

Front 27

The cavities of the brain are called the

Back 27

Ventricles

Front 28

The brain region lying adjacent to the medulla and serving as a coordinating center for motor activity is the

Back 28

Cerebellum

Front 29

The cerebellum is composed of two lateral

Back 29

Hemispheres

Front 30

Because it is a reflex center or coordinating muscle activity, the cerebellum helps smooth gait and maintain

Back 30

posture

Front 31

The diencephalon is organized into masses of gray matter called

Back 31

nuclei

Front 32

The nucleus of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses into the cerebral cortex is the

Back 32

Thalamus

Front 33

The nucleus of the diencephalon that produces hormones stored to be released by the pituitary gland is the

Back 33

Hypothalamus

Front 34

Emotional experiences such as ear, anger, pleasure, and sorrow are regulated in a ring of tissue at the edge of the brain stem called the

Back 34

Limbic system

Front 35

The rounded bulge in the brain stem separating the midbrain from the medulla is the

Back 35

Pons

Front 36

The swollen stem of the brain connecting the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain is the

Back 36

Medulla oblongata

Front 37

In the cerebrum of the brain, impulses cross over to opposite sides of the brain at the

Back 37

Decussation of the pyramids

Front 38

A network of nerve fibers in the medulla that are responsible or activating the cerebral cortex is the

Back 38

Reticular formation

Front 39

The sensory somatic system is composed of spinal nerves and

Back 39

Cranial nerves

Front 40

The human body has spinal nerves that number

Back 40

31

Front 41

The cranial nerve that is concerned with smell is the

Back 41

(I) Olfactory

Front 42

The cranial nerve that regulates swallowing nerves and sensitivity of the face, teeth, and tongue is the

Back 42

(V) Trigeminal

Front 43

The cranial nerve that has sensory and motor functions with respect to the heart, blood vessels, and organs o the viscera is the

Back 43

(X) Vagus

Front 44

The cell bodies of nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord are in groups known as

Back 44

Ganglia

Front 45

The spinal nerves communicate impulses between various parts of the body and the

Back 45

Brain

Front 46

Bodies where spinal nerves combine temporarily before passing to the destination points are known as

Back 46

Plexuses
spinal nerves are recombined so that fibers originating from different spinal nerves extend to a body part together

Front 47

The autonomic nervous system operates on a basis that is

Back 47

Involuntary

Front 48

The nerve fiber of the autonomic system extending from the ganglion to the body organs is called the

Back 48

Postganglionic neurons

Front 49

The nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system duplicate the action of the hormone

Back 49

Epinephrine

Front 50

Once a crisis has passed the body is returned to normal by impulses of the portion of the autonomic nervous system known as the

Back 50

Parasympathetic nervous system

Front 51

What are the 4 plexuses

Back 51

Cervical - in neck
Brachial - in shoulder
Lumbar
Sacral