A& P

Front 1

The functions of the urinary system

Back 1

Excretion, elimination, and regulation

Front 2

The act done by the kidneys of filtering out unwanted materials such as wastes, excess metabolites, and minerals out of the blood while returning water and usable nutrients to the blood.

Back 2

Excretion

Front 3

The discharge of unwanted materials out of the body into the environment, urination.

Back 3

Elimination

Front 4

The urinary system helps maintain various aspects of blood homeostasis by controlling how an what is filtered from the blood. This is called what?

Back 4

Regulation

Front 5

The urinary system consists of

Back 5

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra

Front 6

Urine contains what?

Back 6

Undesired molecules from the blood

Front 7

Urine is stored where

Back 7

In the urinary bladder

Front 8

Urine is removed from the body by what

Back 8

The urethra

Front 9

The kidneys lighter outer region is

Back 9

the renal cortex

Front 10

The kidneys inner dark region is the

Back 10

renal medulla

Front 11

the ureters exit each kidney at an indentation called the

Back 11

hilium

Front 12

urine funnels into the ureters via the

Back 12

renal pelvis

Front 13

urine drains into the renal pelvis via the

Back 13

major calyces

Front 14

urine drains into the major calyces via the

Back 14

minor calyces

Front 15

Order of urine drainage

Back 15

Minor calyces-->major calyces--> renal pelvis--> ureter

Front 16

blood laves the heart on the systematic circuit to he body via the

Back 16

aorta

Front 17

A significant portion of the blood that leaves the heart is diverted from the abdominal aorta to the kidney via the

Back 17

renal artery

Front 18

After being filtered while traveling through extensive renal capillary networks blood vessels leave the kidney via the

Back 18

renal vein

Front 19

the renal vein returns the filtered blood immediately to the heart by connecting to the

Back 19

inferior vena cava

Front 20

Above each minor calyxes a

Back 20

renal lobe

Front 21

Each renal love consists of

Back 21

a section of cortex, a cone shaped renal pyramid in the medulla, and adjacent tissues separating one renal pyramid from its neighbors

Front 22

Within each renal lobe are hundreds of thousands of

Back 22

nephrons

Front 23

The smallest functional units of the kidney

Back 23

nephrons

Front 24

each kidney has ___ nephrons

Back 24

1.25 million

Front 25

Nephrons do what?

Back 25

Filtering blood, regulating the contents of the blood, and releasing hormones

Front 26

Two types of nephrons

Back 26

the shorter cortical nephron and the longer juxtamedullary nephron

Front 27

two major sections of nephrons

Back 27

renal corpuscle and renal tube

Front 28

the renal corpuscle consists of

Back 28

the glomerulus and a capillary network

Front 29

The renal tube is subdivided into

Back 29

the proximal convoluted tube, the nephron loop, the distal convoluted tube, the collecting duct, and a capillary network

Front 30

The epithelial layer surrounding the arteriole is covered with

Back 30

Podocyte cells

Front 31

The combination of arteriole epithelia, shared basement membrane, and podocytes is called

Back 31

the filtration membrane

Front 32

The gaps between arteriole epithelial cells

Back 32

fenstrations

Front 33

The gaps between the podocytes

Back 33

filtration slits

Front 34

The space of the glomurulus not taken up by arterioles

Back 34

capsular space

Front 35

The water, molecules, and ions that leave the blood enter the capsular space of the glomerulus and enter the renal tube

Back 35

Filtrate

Front 36

The solution in the renal tube that is having its composition adjusted as desirable materials are removed from it

Back 36

Tubular fluid

Front 37

The final fluid that exits the collecting duct and enters the minor calyx on the way to the ureters

Back 37

urine

Front 38

The bulk movement of everything in the plasma into the waste stream traveling through the ducts of the nephron

Back 38

filtration

Front 39

The selective removal of desirable molecules from the waste stream, ultimately back into the blood. Occurs through the renal tube

Back 39

reabsorption

Front 40

the selective addition of undesirable molecules to the waste stream which occurs in the collecting duct, the final portion of the renal tube

Back 40

secretion

Front 41

After leaving the glomerulus blood enters the

Back 41

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 42

The pumps and channels that make up the PCT do what

Back 42

move ions, sugars, amino acids, and vitamins from the inside the tubule to the outside.

Front 43

The tubular fluid moving out of the proximal convoluted tubule portion of the nephron tube travels to

Back 43

the nephron loop

Front 44

The first part of the nephron loop is

Back 44

the descending limb that travels downwards into the kidney medulla

Front 45

the second part of the nephron loop is

Back 45

the ascending limb that travels back up to the same heigh as the proximal convoluted tubule

Front 46

The epithelial cells of the descending limb have

Back 46

aquaporin channels that allow H20 to cross membranes

Front 47

The epithelial cells of the ascending limb have

Back 47

ion pumps that move inns into the extracellular fluid

Front 48

The concentration of ions in the extracellular fluid is highest at

Back 48

the bottom of the loop

Front 49

As the ion concentration gets higher, the water concentration

Back 49

gets lower

Front 50

What percent of the nephrons in the kidney are the longer juxtamedullary ones

Back 50

15%

Front 51

The tubular fluid moving out of the nephron loops travels to the

Back 51

distal convoluted tubule

Front 52

The tubular fluid moving out of the distal convoluted tubule travels to

Back 52

the collecting duct

Front 53

Normal and proper kidney function depends mainly on two factors

Back 53

getting enough blood to the glomerulus and maintaining a stable glomerular filtration rate

Front 54

a measure of how much liquid passes out of the blood into glomerular capsule per minute

Back 54

Glomerular filtration rate

Front 55

If the blood pressure is low in the glomureli of the kidneys nephrons for an extended time the kidney releases

Back 55

renin

Front 56

An enzyme that speeds up a chemical reaction

Back 56

renin

Front 57

The final waste stream that leaves the collecting tubules of each nephron

Back 57

urine

Front 58

Urine is mostly

Back 58

water

Front 59

the most abundant waste molecule dissolved in urine

Back 59

urea

Front 60

a nitrogen containing waste that is produced during the breakdown of proteins

Back 60

urea

Front 61

Various factors that can increase the amount of uric acid in urine

Back 61

Genetic factors, diet, and fructose