A & P

Front 1

3 body cavities

Back 1

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

Front 2

Viscera

Back 2

Organs found in the body cavities
Visceral systems are found mainly in the body cavities eg: digestive system and respiratory system

Front 3

Serous membranes

Back 3

Line the body cavities to form sacks.
Made up of 2 layers

Front 4

Thoracic cavity
Pleura/pleural membranes

Back 4

The serous membranes are called the pleural membranes/pleura. These bound the pleural cavities
Most organs in the thorax are found in the mediastinum
Eg: heart and major blood vessels
Lungs push laterally outwards from mediastinum-reducing reducing size of pleural cavities

Front 5

Parietal pleura

Back 5

Forms the walls of the pleural cavities. It is divided further into costal(ribs), mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura

Front 6

Pulmonary pleura

Back 6

Visceral portion of the pleura which tightly adheres to the surface of the lungs and follows all their irregularities

Front 7

Abdominal and pelvic cavities
Peritoneum

Back 7

Both lined by one sack
Serous membrane is called the peritoneum and this lines the peritoneal cavity

Front 8

Abdominal and pelvic cavities
Viscera

Back 8

Viscera lie in a fold of the peritoneum formed from the dorsal surface. There are several organs coated in peritoneum. The peritoneal cavity is thus decreased in size-filled only with a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication

Front 9

Parietal peritoneum

Back 9

Covers the inner walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 10

Visceral peritoneum

Back 10

Covers the organs of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It is also called serosa, with the name of the organ covered first eg : pancreatic serosa, hepatic serosa

Front 11

Connecting peritoneum

Back 11

Consists of double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to the parietal peritoneum

Front 12

3 types of connecting peritoneum
Mesentery

Back 12

Specifically passes from the abdominal wall to the intestine.
Wide and contains many vessels
(Wide serous fold which attaches organs to a wall and serves as a rote for nerves and vessels to reach the organs)

Front 13

Connecting peritoneum
Omentum

Back 13

Passes from the stomach to other organs or to the wall eg: the greater omentum over the stomach

Front 14

Connecting peritoneum
Ligament

Back 14

Passes from the abdominal wall to an organ or from an organ to another organ and is usually narrow and contains few vessels eg: ovarian ligament

Front 15

Intraperitoneal

Back 15

Most organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavities are found projecting freely into the cavities and have an almost total covering of peritoneum.

Front 16

Retroperitoneal

Back 16

Organs which lie against the body walls and are only covered on one surface by peritoneum - usually small and embedded in fat eg: kidneys

Front 17

Thoracic cavity

Back 17

Abdominal cavity

Front 18

Thoracic cavity boundaries

Back 18

Cranial thoracic aperture
Thoracic vertebrae
Diaphragm
Ribs
Sternum

Front 19

Abdominal cavity boundaries

Back 19

Diaphragm
Lumbar vertebrae
Pelvic aperture
Muscles of abdominal wall

Front 20

Pelvic cavity boundaries

Back 20

Pelvic aperture
Sacrum and first few coccygeal vertebrae
Caudal pelvic aperture
Pelvic bones-pubis and ischium