A & P

Front 1

What type of reflex does the ANS use to control and modify organ function in an involuntary fashion?

Back 1

visceral

Front 2

What nervous system is critical for maintaingin homeostasis?

Back 2

ANS

Front 3

Clinically what system is the targe of many drugs?

Back 3

ANS

Front 4

2 divisions of ANS

Back 4

1) Sympathetic
2) Parasympathetic

Front 5

NTs of sympathetic NS

Back 5

1) ACH
2) Epi
3) NE

Front 6

NTs of parasympathetic NS

Back 6

ACH

Front 7

Which NS of the ANS manages stressful conditions?

Back 7

sympathetic
-parasympathetic manages relaxed state

Front 8

Where does the sympathetic NS distribute?

Back 8

1) synapse
2) blood

Front 9

Where does the parasympathetic NS distribute?

Back 9

only at synapse

Front 10

A characteristic structure of the ANS are ____ which are clusters of nerve cell soma outside CNS.

Back 10

ganglia

Front 11

compare pathways of somatic and autonomic nervous system

Back 11

very different

Front 12

In what NS do unmyelinated terminal neurons (post-ganglionic) create a diffuse response where many organs are effected at the same time?

Back 12

ANS

Front 13

_______ refers to how much SNS/PNS activity is occuring at a given time.

Back 13

autonomic tone

Front 14

NT at preganglionic synapse for both SNS and PNS

Back 14

ACH

Front 15

NT at postganglionic synapse for SNS and PNS

Back 15

SNS- NE or EPI (sometimes ACH)
PNS- ACH

Front 16

4 drugs that mimic EPI/NE to stimulate parts of SNS

Back 16

1) Epinephrine
2) Methoxamine
3) Norepinephrine
4) Phenylephrine

Front 17

locations of ganglia in PNS & SNS

Back 17

PNS- target organ
SNS- Sympathetic Chain Ganglions

Front 18

What is the NT in SNS and PNS ganglia?

Back 18

ACH

Front 19

The PNS stimulates body activities that occur while at rest by releasing ____ at target synapses.

Back 19

ACH

Front 20

Where do PNS nerves exit in CNS?

Back 20

top or bottom

Front 21

What nerve innervates thoracic and abdominal organs?

Back 21

Vagus nerve

Front 22

Where are the cranial exit points?

Back 22

3) lacrimal g
7) pupillary m
9) salivary g
X=Vagus n.>jugular faramen>hypogastic plexus

Front 23

Pelvic CNS exit point

Back 23

S2-S4: -> Rectum, Bladder, & Genitals

Front 24

2 main receptor classes of PNS

Back 24

1) Nicotinic
2) Muscarinic

Front 25

5 main receptor classes of SNS, Where are they found?

Back 25

Alpha 1- stimulatory, lets you constrict smooth muscle
Alpha 2- inhibits neurons (sex)
Beta 1- heart, dilate smooth muscle (more calcium)
Beta 2- lung
Beta 3- fat

Front 26

What NT a receptor does preganglionic SNS synapse require?

Back 26

NT- ACH
receptor- nicotinic

Front 27

____ glands are very special SNS structures b/c their post-ganglionic endings release EPI & NE diretly into the blood stream, NOT INTO THE SYNAPSE!

Back 27

adrenal glands

Front 28

location of adrenal gland

Back 28

cortex

Front 29

location of adrenal ganglion

Back 29

medulla

Front 30

2 catecholamines that adrenal medulla releases

Back 30

85% adrenalin (EPI)
15% noradrenalin (NE)

Front 31

What catecholamine would you die w/out if you were exposed to cold?

Back 31

adrenalin (EPI)

Front 32

Why do catecholamines effects last longer than ACH?

Back 32

b/c catecholamines are destroyed more slowly

Front 33

Norepinephrine and epinephrine occur everywhere ____ is.

Back 33

blood

Front 34

What does SLUD stand for?

Back 34

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication

Front 35

Nicotine in tobacco stimulates andy nicotinic receptor for ____ regardless of location.

Back 35

acetylcholine

Front 36

The pupil controlled by the ANS is an ex. of _____by the PNS & SNS.

Back 36

dual innervation

Front 37

What is the actual pupillary diameter a balance of?

Back 37

SNS and PNS effects

Front 38

What happens to the pupil when the smooth muscle of the iris is relaxed?

Back 38

it enlarges

Front 39

In the SNS you want a ___ pupil so you can see better and fight better, you worry about injury to retina after the fight. SNS mediated contraction of the spoke-like smooth muscle facilitated this.

Back 39

dilated

Front 40

In the PNS, when resting you want ____ pupils to minimize potential injury to the retina.

Back 40

narrow

Front 41

Does the cerebral cortex have voluntary control of the ANS?

Back 41

No, although the cortex can influence ANS function.

Front 42

The cerebral cortex influences the ANS by modifying the function of special nuclei in the ____________.

Back 42

hypothalamus

Front 43

The hypothalamus modifies the function of nuclei in the _____.

Back 43

brainstem

Front 44

Nuclei in the _____ determine when most ANS output is sent out of the brain in tracts w/in the spinal cord or as cranial nerves.

Back 44

brainstem

Front 45

Urination & defication are ex. of the many autonomic reflexes that need only access to a section of the _____ and work independently of the brain.

Back 45

spinal cord

Front 46

2 types of sympathomimetic drugs

Back 46

1) phenylephrine
2) albuterol

Front 47

2 types of sympathetic NS blocking drugs

Back 47

1) Propranolol
2) Yohimbine

Front 48

3 types of parasympathomimetic drugs

Back 48

1) nicotine
2) muscarine
3) atropine

Front 49

____ is an alpha-1 receptor and helps a runny nose

Back 49

phenylephrine

Front 50

____ is a beta-2 receptor to open airways and helps asthma

Back 50

albuterol

Front 51

____ blocks beta-1 receptors in heart from being activated

Back 51

propranolol

Front 52

____ blocks alpha-2 receptors from creating IPSPs

Back 52

yohimbine

Front 53

____ is a nicotinic receptor with wide ranging effects.

Back 53

nicotine

Front 54

____ is a muscarinic receptor that constricts pupils.

Back 54

muscarine

Front 55

____ blocks muscarinic receptor in eye during eye exam

Back 55

atropine