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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some basic functions of the lymphatic system?
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drains interstitial fluid
returns proteins to CVS collects waste pathway for fat absorbed by GIT to reach blood negative interstitial pressure to hold body tissues together defence: -filter -phagocytosis -formation of lymphocytes and gamma globulin -how cancer spreads |
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What is the Starling Equilibrium?
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total arterial fluid (20 L) = venous fluid (16-18 L) + lymphatic fluid (2-4 L)
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What is the composition of Lymph?
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from small intestine = chyle
from liver = high protein conc. from nodes = high lymphocyte count |
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What are the tissues that lack lymphatic capillaries?
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Avascular tissues:
-cornea -epidermis -cartilage CNS, red bone marrow and most of spleen |
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What are lymphatic vessels?
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resemble veins with thinner walls and more valves
unite to form lymphatic trunks --> lymphatic ducts --> subclavian vein |
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What are in the different lymphatic trunks?
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Lumbar trunks:
-lower limbs -walls and viscera of pelvis -kidneys -adrenal glands and abdominal wall Intestinal trunk: -stomach -intestines -pancreas and spleen -part of liver Bronchomediastinal trunk: -thoracic wall -lungs and heart Subclavian trunks: -upper limbs Jugular trunks: -head and neck |
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What are the lymphatic ducts?
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Right Lymphatic duct:
-short -drains into rt subclavian vein -receives lymph from R jugular, R subclavian, and R bronchomediastinal Thoracic Duct: (Left) -main duct drains into L subclavian vein -begins as dilation: cisterna chyli -receives lymph from all others |
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What are the lymphatic organs?
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Primary: bone marrow and thymus gland
Secondary: lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, palatine and lingual tonsils, and adenoid -this is where immune response takes place Lymphoid tissues: CT of mucous membranes (appendix, Peyer's patches of small intestine) |
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What is the Thymus?
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originates from 3rd pharyngeal pounch
encapsulated lymphoid organ most active during childhood receives immature lymphocytes (thymocytes) from bone marrow 90 % will die |
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What are Cortical Epithelial cells?
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called Nurse Cells
encircle multiple lymphocytes promoting T cell differentiation and proliferation and secreting hormones such as thymosin, serum thymic factor, and thymopoeitin. epithelium also forms sheath around blood vessels forming blood-thymus barrier |
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What are Hassall's corpuscles?
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epithelial cells of medulla
degenerating remains of epithelial reticular cells with their keratin granules used for diagnosis of thymus |
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What are characteristics of Lymph nodes?
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most near mammary glands, axillary region, and groin
consists of stroma and parenchyma stroma - supporting tissue (capsule, trabeculae) only place where lymphatic vessels course and only ones that function in filtering lymph |
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What is the lymph node structure (cortex etc)?
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outer cortex:
-lymphoid nodules and germinal centers -mostly B lymphocytes inner cortex (paracortex): -mostly T lymphocytes sinusoids: -extend along capsule and trabeculae -subscapular sinus is immediately below capsule and receives from afferent lymphatic vessels -intermediate or cortical sinus receives from subscapular and continue as medullary -medullary cords have B lymphocytes and plasma cells and give blood to efferent lymph |
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What are characteristics of the Spleen?
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largest lymphoid tissue
3 impressions: gastric, renal, colic red pulp: large number of erythrocytes, highly vascularized white pulp: lymphoid aggregations functions to filter and store blood, phagocytize old and defected blood cells (red pulp), hemopoiesis in fetus (red pulp) stroma - serious membrane, capsule, trabeculae |
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What are characteristics of white pulp in spleen?
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consists of T cell (PALS) and B cell (germinal centers)
forms periarterial lymphoid sheaths (PALS) - organized around the arteries that enter the splenic pulp from trabeculae, contain mostly T lymphocytes |
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What are characteristics of red pulp in spleen?
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Splenic cords (of Billroth) - cords of lymphocytes, macrophages etc suspended in a reticular connective tissue stroma
splenic sinuses - contain circulating blood and separate splenic cords |
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What are the lymphatic nodules?
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MALT:
-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue -total mass of lymphoid tissue in GI, respiratory tracts distributed in GI tract as Peyer's patches of small bowel or as non-encapsulated such as tonsils largest are peyer's patches of small intestine (terminal ileum) antigen entering peyer's patch is taken up by APC and presented to T lymphocytes |
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What are the 3 tonsils?
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tonsils lack a capsule
2 palatine tonsile - posterior region of oral cavity 2 lingual tonsils - base of tongue pharyngeal tonsil - posterior wall of nasopharynx |
