Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Chromosome
|
bar-like structures of tighly coiled chomatin
|
|
|
When are chormosomes visible?
|
during cell division
|
|
|
Hologous Chormosomes
|
chormosomes that carry the same genes and determine the same traits
|
|
|
Autosomes
|
22 pairs of chromosomes that don't deal with gender
|
|
|
Sex Chromosomes
|
one pair of chormosomes that deal with gender
|
|
|
Gene
|
one of the biological units of heredity that determines the traits of an individual
|
|
|
Alleles
|
different versions or alternate forms of a gene
|
|
|
Dominant alleles
|
mask the effects of other alleles
|
|
|
Recessive alleles
|
easily masked by other alleles
|
|
|
Genotype
|
a person's combination of alleles
|
|
|
Homozygous dominant
|
a person with 2 dominant alleles
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
the person possesses one dominant allele and one recessive allele
|
|
|
Homozygous recessive
|
the person possesses with 2 recessive alleles
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
a persons outward or physical expression of their allele combinations
|
|
|
Name the types of inheritance
|
dominant recessive inheritance, incomplete dominant inheritance, co-dominant inheritance and multipule alleles, sex-linked inheritance, polygenic inheritance
|
|
|
Incomplete Cominant inheritance
|
A + B = C; theres no dominance, its just mixing
|
|
|
Co-Dominant Inheritance and Multipule Alleles
|
this is common in blood where A + B = AB
|
|
|
Sex-linked Inheritance
|
demonstraights traits that are carried on the sex chromosome and an individual's chance of getting the traits varies with the sex of the individual
|
|
|
Male
|
XY
|
|
|
Female
|
XX
|
|
|
What disease is associated with incomplete dominant inheritance?
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
|
Name some example of sex related inheritances
|
baldness, colorblind, hemophillia, muscular distrophy
|
|
|
Name some example of polygenic inheritances
|
albinism
|
|
|
Polyogenic Inheritance
|
results from several different genes at different locations within the genetic makeup work together to produce a certain phenotype
|
|
|
What affects the expression of genes?
|
material drug use, nutrition and diet, homonal deficits and excesses
|
|
|
Pedigree
|
family history
|
|
|
Karyotypes
|
performed on a fetal cell to determine the presence of extra, missing, or mutated chromosomes
|
|
|
Amniocentesis
|
a test taken from getting amnionic fluid to determine any disorders on fetal cells
|
|
|
Chorionic Villi Sampling
|
a narrow tube is put through the cervix and suctions out chorionic villi to conduct immediate karyotypes
|
|
|
Turner Syndrome
|
female results in 45 chromosomes, they are short with broad chests, and are sterile
|
|
|
Klinefelter syndrome
|
male has 47 chromosomes, he is sterile, has underdeveloped organs, large hands and sometimes breasts
|
|
|
Down Syndrome
|
chromosome 21 has trisomy and a total of 27 chromosomes is present, occurs in males and females and exhibit retardation, wide, flat faces
|
|
|
Neurofibromatosis
|
dominant gene located on chromosome 17 that leads to the formation of tumors on the skin and bones
|
|
|
Huntingtons Disease
|
dominant gene located on chromosome 4 causes a progressive neurological degeneration leading to death
|
|
|
Cyctic fibrosis
|
located on chromosome 7 causing thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract
|
|
|
Tay-Sachs Disease
|
located on chromosome 15 causing uncontrolable seisures, paralisis and death
|
|
|
Phenylketoneuria
|
located on chromosome 12 causing an inability to metabolize amino acid phenylalanine causing retardation
|
|
|
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
|
causes muscles in males to weaken causing death
|
|
|
Hemophili A
|
males that can't clot their own blood causing free bleeding
|
