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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some of the functions of blood?
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Transportation - dissolved or chemically bound matter (O2, CO2, nutrients)
Regulation - hormones, maintenance of homeostasis (osmotic pressure, acid-base, conc. of dissolved substances) Protection - defense against foreign agents (specific and non-specific immunity), hemostasis (prevention of hemorrhage) |
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What is the composition of blood?
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Blood volume:
Male 5-6 L Female 4-5 L Plasma = 55 % -fluid part Formed elements = 45 % -RBC, WBC, platelets |
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What is Hematocrit and what is it composed of?
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-vol. of formed element in relation to total blood volume (measure of % RBC in blood)
top layer: lightest porton of blood = plasma buffy coat: high concentration of WBC and platelets bottom layer: (RBC) 40-45 % of total blood volume |
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What are the Hematocrit values and cases with increased/decreased hematocrit?
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Values:
Male: 40-54 % Female: 38-46 % Decreased: -Anemia -Leukemia -Bone Marrow Failure Increased: -Polycythemia -High altitudes -Dehydrated state |
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What is plasma and serum?
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plasma: blood - cells w/ clotting elements
serum = plasma - clotting |
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What are the proteins found in plasma?
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Albumin: most abundant, synthesized in liver
Globulins: alpha (bilirubin and steroids), beta (iron and copper), gamma (Ig or Ab made by plasma cells) Fibrinogens: synthesized in liver, provide viscosity due to blood clotting complement proteins: converts fibrinogen into fibrin |
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Where do RBCs, Platelets, and WBCs function?
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RBCs and platelets within the blood vasculature
WBCs within body tissues |
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What is CBC and Differential Leukocyte count?
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CBC (Complete Blood Count):
-normal proportion of each type of blood cell within a narrow range Differential Leukocyte count: -help identify specific white cell types in blood and in tissues |
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What are some basic characteristics of RBCs?
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avg. diameter - 7.2-7.9 micrometers
anucleate acidophillic, bi-concave no organelle, amitotic |
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What is akyrin?
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connects the cytoskeleton to the lipid bilayer
linked to both band 3 proteins and spectriin, attaching the spectrin-actin complex to transmembrane proteins |
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What is the RBC cytoskeleton?
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RBC biconcave shape provides erythrocytes with a large surface-to-volume ratio faciliating gas exchange
cytoskeleton of nonerythroid cells consists of actin, alfa-actinin, and vinculin |
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What is Hereditary Spherocytosis?
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results from defective spectrin making it incapable of binding to band 4.1 protein
therefore no spectrin-actin complex making the RBCs osmotically fragile easily ruptured RBCs lead to anemia worn out RBCs go to spleen leading to spleenomegaly |
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What is Rouleaux Formation?
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caused by increase in plasma proteins such as Ig or fibrinogen
form a chain like condition |
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What are some basic features of erythrocytes?
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120 day lifespan
destroyed in spleen and liver |
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What are the periods of Hemopoiesis?
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Prenatal period:
-early gestation: mesoderm of yolk and later in body of fetus (mesoblastic) -middle gestation: spleen and liver (hepatic) -6th month onward: spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone (myeloid stage) Post-Natal Period: -Red Bone Marrow |
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What are 3 types of cells?
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1. Stem cells -pluripotent cells, capable of self renewal
2. Progenitor cells - derived from stem cells, reduced potentiality and committed to single cell lineage 3. precursor cells (blasts) - initial cells in each lineage, non self renewing and no potential of switching to a different cell type. Resemble lymphocytes. |
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What are the different types of 3rd generation progenitor cells?
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Colony Forming units:
CFU-E: produces RBC CFU-Meg: produces platelets CFU-GM: produces neutrophils and monocytes CFU-Eo: Eosonophils CFU-Bas: Basophils |
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How is Hemopoiesis regulated?
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Growth inducers:
-stimulate growth and differentiation of all/many types of stem cells ex. cytokines(colony-stimulating factors and interleukins) produced by RBC, WBC etc Differentiation Inducers: -growth and differentiation of only 1 type of stem cell ex. Erythropoietin (EPO) produced in kidney and increases RBC precursors, Thrombopoietin (TPO) is produced in spleen and increases production of platelets |
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What are the sites of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy?
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Posterior Iliac Crest
Sternum Tibia |
