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91 Cards in this Set
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watery liquid; EC matrix that contains albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, antibodies, clotting factors, electrolytes, serum.
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plasma
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albumins
globulins fibrinogen antibodies |
plasma proteins
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hormone produced by kidney cells that stimulates RBC production
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erythropoietin
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process which the formed elements of blood develop in red bone marrow
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Hemopoiesis
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abnormal increase in RBC production
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polycythemia
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in red bone marrow give rise to all of the formed elements; give rise to Myeloid and Lymphoid stem cells
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pluripotent stem cells
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produced by the liver that stimulates formation of platelets from megakaryocytes
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thrombopoietin
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another name for platelets
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thrombocytes
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oxygen carrying protein and pigment that gives whole blood its red color
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hemoglobin
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production of RBC's starting in red bone marrow with the precursor cell, proerythroblast
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Erythropoiesis
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a condition in which insufficient oxygen is transported to the body's cells; abnormal decrease in RBC production; lower than normal hematocrit
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anemia
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Large WBC's that stain red-orange with acidic dyes; increase in these indicates an allergy or parasitic infection; leave the blood and enter tissue fluid
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Eosinophil
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Round variable sized WBC that stains blue-purple with basic dyes; has two lobes; becomes mast cells; leave the blood and enter tissue fluid; releases histamine
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Basophil
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Smaller, most common WBC that is pale lilac and has 2-5 lobes connected by thin strand of chromatin; increase in these indicates a bacteria infection
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Neutrophil
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the blood transports these from the blood to the tissues where they can differentiate into macrophages; nucleus is kidney shaped; originates from myeloid stem cells; increase in these indicates chronic infections
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Monocytes
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WBC's large eaters
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Macrophages
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an increase in the number of WBC's and is a normal protective response to stresses
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Leukocytosis
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abnormally low level of WBC's, may be caused by radiation, shock, and chemotherapeutic agents
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Leukopenia
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WBC's leave the blood stream by ...which they roll along the endothelium, stick to it and squeeze between endothelial cells
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emigration
diapedesis |
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several different chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissues attract phagocytes
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chemotaxis
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stimulate proliferation of progenitor cells in red bone marrow and regulate the cell activity involved in nonspecific defenses and immune responses
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cytokines
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these two stimulate WBC formation
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colony-stimulating factors
interleukins |
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a sequence of responses that stop bleeding
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Hemostasis
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the straw colored liquid minus the clotting proteins
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serum
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The gel portion of blood-clot consists of a network of insoluble protein fibers called ... in which the formed elements of blood; forms the threads of a clot
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fibrin
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a tissue protein also called tissue factor that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
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thromboplastin
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plasma protein formed by the liver that prothrombinase converts into the enzyme thrombin
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prothrombin
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plasma protein formed by the liver that thrombin converts from soluble to insoluble fibrin; essential in blood clotting
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fibrinogen
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enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin; also activates factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor)
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thrombin
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strengthens and stabilizes the fibrin threads into a sturdy clot
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fibrin stabilizing factors
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plasma protein made by the liver that is the smallest and most numerous; regulates osmotic pressure
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albumins
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plasma protein made by the liver and produced by plasma cells developed from B lymphocytes. Antibodies
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globulins
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also erythrocytes; contains hemoglobin and life span is 120 days
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RBC
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also leukocytes=eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, monocyte; has a nucleus and does not contain hemoglobin; combats infections
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WBC
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determines % of RBC in whole blood
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hematocrit
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these exit bone marrow and lose remnant ER; increase in these indicates an increase in RBC production; RBC that just lost its nucleus
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reticulocytes
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unconjugated bilirubin is increased in these conditions
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hemolytic jaundice
liver disease |
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conjugated bilirubin is increased in this condition
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obstructive jaundice-gallstones
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macrophage liberates ... (indirect) carried by albumin to liver and becomes this (direct), excreted in the bile, stored in the gallbladder or transferred directly to the small intestines.
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unconjugated bilirubin
conjugated bilirubin |
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B and T cells; large dark staining nucleus; increase in these indicates viral infections, leukemia and infectious mono
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Lymphocytes
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stem cell becomes a ... which becomes a platelet aka thrombocyte
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megakaryocyte
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heparin and coumadin are
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anticoagulants
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blood cell that contains hemoglobin
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Erthrocytes
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destruction of red bone marrow
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Aplastic anemia
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deficiency of vitamin B
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Pernicious anemia
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Inadequate absorption of iron
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iron-deficient anemia
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due to excessive blood loss
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Hemorrhagic anemia
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Destruction of RBC's
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Hemolytic anemia
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When hemoglobin breaks down the heme is converted to this
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Bilirubin
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Brown pigment in feces
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Stercoblin
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Yellow pigment in urine
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Urobilin
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Causes jaundice
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?
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5 million per cubic millimeter is a value falling within the normal adult range for the number of ...
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erythrocytes
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The percentage of RBC'S in a sample of whole blood is called the ...
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Hematocrit
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erythropoietin is synthesized by the
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kidneys
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agranular leukocytes that are phagocytic
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monocytes
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The most abundant of the leukocytes are
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neutrophils
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The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are
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thrombocytes
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So called natural killer cells are a form of
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lymphocyte
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What is a normal differential count in a healthy adult?
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65% neutrophils
25% lymphocytes 6% monocytes 3% eosinophils 1% basophils |
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.... is a hormone that is produced by the liver to stimulate platelet formation
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Thrombopoietin
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Blood type O has what antigens on its surface?
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none
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Blood type AB has what antigens on its surface?
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A + B
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Blood type A produces what antibodies?
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Antibody B
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Blood type O produces what antibodies?
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Antibodies A + B
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How do your kidneys respond to a decrease in blood oxygen?
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kidneys respond by releasing erythropoietin to red bone marrow and then there is an increase in #RBC and increase in oxygen transport
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normal blood contains __ to ___ grams of hemoglobin per 100 milliliters of blood.
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12 to 18 grams
per 100ml |
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a rare, inherited bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally; don't have the protein clotting factor.
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Hemophilia
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anticoagulant drug that activates antithrombin-III
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Heparin
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anticoagulant drug that depresses the synthesis of several clotting factors by blocking the action of vitamin K
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Coumadin
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....concentrations are elevated in the blood either by increased production, decreased conjugation, decreased secretion by the liver or the blockage of the bile ducts.
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Bilirubin
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clot that has broken off and traveled
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Embolus
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temperature of blood is
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38 degrees C
100.4 F |
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blood alkaline pH ranges from
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7.35-7.45
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Color of blood varies with ... content.
High oxygen=____color Low oxygen=_____color |
oxygen
bright red dark red |
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Red blood cells do not consume any of the oxygen they transport because they...
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do not have the cellular machinery for aerobic ATP production-they do not have a nucleus
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what is the normal differential count in a healthy adult? (never let monkeys eat bananas)
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65% neutrophils
25% lymphocytes 6% monocytes 3% eosinophils 1% basophils |
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Type O is considered the theoretical universal ... because there are no ... on RBC's.
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donor
A and B isoantigens |
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The symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn occur because ...
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anti-Rh antibodies produced by the mother pass the placenta inot the bloodstream of the fetus. (mommy is Rh- and can make antibodies for Rh)
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These are functions of .....:
protection against bacteria and viruses ...; maintenance of osmotic pressure ...; protection against blood loss; transportation of steroid hormones |
plasma proteins
globulin albumin fibrinogen albumin |
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People suffering from disorders that prevent absorption of fat from the intestine may suffer uncontrolled bleeding because:
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the fat-soluble vitamin K cannot be absorbed, so levels of prothrombin and other clotting factors drop.
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the buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of:
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white blood cells and platelets
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the most abundant of the plasma proteins are the:
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albumins
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the total blood volume in an average adult is about:
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5 liters
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the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC's is called the
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Hematocrit
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"5 million per cubic millimeter" is a value falling within the normal adult range for the number of
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erythrocytes
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breakdown products of hemoglobin
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biliverdin
bilirubin urobiln stercobilin |
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thrombopoietin is a hormone that is produced by
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the liver to stimulate platelet formation
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the primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the
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spleen and liver
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agranular leukocytes that are phagocytic are the
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monocytes
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when the red blood cells wear out, the iron is saved and the remainder of the hemoglobin is
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excreted as bile pigments
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