A & P 1 Test 7 B

Front 1

What are the two components of the sciatic nerve?

Back 1

Tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve

Front 2

Describe the region innervated by the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.

Back 2

Skin over anal region, superior posterior aspect of thigh, superior part of calf,
scrotum in male and labia majora in female

Front 3

list of nerves of the sacral plexus that are exclusively motor

Back 3

Motor
– Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
- Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
- Nerve to piriformis
- Inferior and superior gluteal

Front 4

list of nerves of the sacral plexus that are sensory

Back 4

Sensory
– Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Front 5

list of nerves of the sacral plexus that are a combination of motor and sensory

Back 5

Combination
– pudendal
- common fibular
- tibial,

Front 6

What muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Back 6

- Gluteus minimus
- Gluteus medius
- Tensor fasciae latae muscles

Front 7

What muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

Back 7

gluteus maximus

Front 8

What muscle is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Back 8

- obturator internus
- superior gemellus

Front 9

What muscle is innervated by the nerve to piriformis

Back 9

piriformis

Front 10

What muscle is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

Back 10

Quadratus femoris
Inferior gemellus

Front 11

Describe the adductor canal

Back 11

- Begins where sartorius crosses adductor longus
- Ends in the adductor hiatus formed by adductor magnus
- Contents: femoral artery & vein, saphenous nerve

Front 12

marks the end of the adductor canal at the opening of the long tendon of the adductor magnus

Back 12

adductor hiatus

Front 13

What is the most lateral structure of the thigh? What muscle is the most medial muscle of the thigh?

Back 13

Lateral – iliotibial tract
Medial - gracilis

Front 14

List the muscles that are components of the free appendage ( intrinsic) to the thigh

Back 14

- Iliac region (iliacus)
– Gluteal region
– Thigh compartments (3)
– Leg compartments (3)
– Dorsum of the foot
– Sole of the foot

Front 15

List the muscles that are components of the extrinsic to the free appendage to the thigh

Back 15

– Psoas major

Front 16

list the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Back 16

- Pectineus (not in free appendage)
- Illiopsoas: psoas major, psoas minor, iIliacus Sartorius
- Quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Front 17

list the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Back 17

Hamstrings
o Semitendinosus
o Semimembranosus
o Biceps femoris

Front 18

list the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Back 18

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Front 19

Name the muscle(s) having an origin on the ASIS.

Back 19

ASIS – Tensor fascia latae, Sartorius

Front 20

Name the muscle(s) having an origin on the
AIIS.

Back 20

AIIS – Rectus femoris

Front 21

Name the muscle(s) having an insertion on the ITB.

Back 21

Tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus

Front 22

State the muscle or structure that forms each of the following boundaries of the femoral triangle:

Back 22

Base - inguinal ligament (external oblique)
Lateral - sartorius
Medial - adductor longus
Floor - iliopsoas & pectineus

Front 23

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

Back 23

FEMORAL
- Nerve
- Artery
- Vein
- Lymphatics.

Front 24

How is the great saphenous vein associated with the femoral triangle?

Back 24

The femoral canal opens at the distal end as the saphenous hiatus

Front 25

What muscles comprise the quadriceps femoris group of muscles?

Back 25

Muscles
- Rectus femoris
- vastus lateralus
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

Front 26

Where do muscles of the quadriceps femoris insert?

Back 26

Insertion
- patella via quadriceps tendon
- then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Front 27

What quadriceps femoris muscles act at the hip?

Back 27

Action at hip - Rectus femoris

Front 28

What quadriceps femoris muscles act at the knee?

Back 28

Action at knee – all of them

Front 29

What are the criteria/features that define hamstring muscles?

Back 29

Origin on ischial tuberosity Insert on a bone of the leg (tibia or fibula) Innervated by tibial nerve (of the sciatic nerve)

Front 30

What muscles comprise the hamstrings group of muscles?

Back 30

Muscles
- Semitendinosus,
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps femoris (long head only),
- Part of the adductor magnus (the ‘hamstring’ AKA vertical or posterior portion)

Front 31

Where do muscles of the hamstrings
group originate?

Back 31

originate
- Ischial tuberosity

Front 32

What muscle mostly belongs to the adductor muscle group, but also has a hamstring component?

Back 32

Adductor magnus

Front 33

Where do muscles of the hamstrings group insert?

Back 33

Insertion
- Insert on a bone of the leg (tibia or fibula)

Front 34

At what joint(s) do muscles
of the hamstrings group have action?

Back 34

Joints – hip and knee

Front 35

What portion of the Adductor magnus muscle has a hamstring component? Why is that portion considered to be a hamstring component?

Back 35

vertical or posterior portion

Front 36

Describe the tendon insertion of biceps femoris

Back 36

fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

Front 37

Describe the tendon insertion of the semimembranosus

Back 37

medial condyle of tibia

Front 38

Describe the tendon insertion of the semitendinosus

Back 38

pes anserine tendon at upper tibia

Front 39

What are the contents of the subsartorial canal?

Back 39

femoral artery & vein, saphenous nerve

Front 40

Name the muscles that comprise the pes anserine group of muscles

Back 40

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus muscles

Front 41

What is the conjoined tendon of pes anserine muscles sometimes called?

Back 41

pes anserine tendon

Front 42

indicative point of give when performing a drawer test of the knee that suggests a tearing of the ACL or PCL

Back 42

end point laxity

Front 43

moving from bent to straight (anteriorly)

Back 43

extension (at the knee)

Front 44

moving from straight to bent (posteriorly)

Back 44

flexion (at the knee)

Front 45

the type of joint that the knee and ankle are

Back 45

hinge joint

Front 46

the joint in the knee between the patellar and femur

Back 46

patellofemoral joint

Front 47

diamond-shaped depression of the posterior aspect of the knee

Back 47

popliteal fossa

Front 48

connects the lateral and medial menisci

Back 48

transverse ligament of the knee

Front 49

What tendon can be observed and palpated on the lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Back 49

Tendon of biceps femoris

Front 50

What tendon can be observed and palpated on the medial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Back 50

Tendon of semitendinosus muscle

Front 51

What are the functions of menisci of the knee?

Back 51

act as shock absorbers, and fill in gaps during joint movement

Front 52

what substance are menisci of the knee composed?

Back 52

fibrocartilage

Front 53

What is the referent for assigning the description anterior and posterior to the cruciate ligaments?

Back 53

The intercondylar eminence of the tibia is the referent for assigning “anterior” or “posterior” to the cruciate ligaments

Front 54

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Back 54

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia

Front 55

What is the function of the posterior
cruciate ligament?

Back 55

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia

Front 56

Where are the two cruciate ligaments located inside the knee

Back 56

- within the Fibrous capsule
- outside of the Synovial capsule

Front 57

What are the relative strengths of the two cruciate ligaments?

Back 57

PCL is stronger

Front 58

What are the names of the genicular arteries?

Back 58

superior medial genicular artery inferior medial g.a.
superior lateral g.a.
inferior lateral g.a.
middle g.a.

Front 59

What comprises the unhappy triad of injuries?

Back 59

ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus

Front 60

What does the anterior drawer test evaluate?

Back 60

evaluates the integrity of the ACL

Front 61

What does the posterior drawer test evaluate?

Back 61

evaluates the integrity of the PCL

Front 62

How does constantly walking or jogging on the same side of the road contribute to patellofemoral stress syndrome?

Back 62

Roads slope down on the sides, so the knee that is closer to the center of the road endures greater mechanical stress because it does not fully extend during a stride

Front 63

extends between tibia and fibula and separates the anterior from the posterior compartment

Back 63

interosseous membrane

Front 64

small branches off of fibular artery

Back 64

perforating branch(es)

Front 65

List of muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Back 65

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Front 66

List of muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Back 66

Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Front 67

List of muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

Back 67

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris (tendon)

Front 68

List of muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

Back 68

Popliteus tibialis
Posterior flexor
Digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Front 69

What is the overall action of muscles of the Anterior compartment of the leg

Back 69

Dorsiflexion at the ankle, inversion of the foot

Front 70

name of nerve innervating muscles in the Anterior compartment of the leg

Back 70

deep fibular nerve

Front 71

What is the overall action of muscles of the Lateral compartment of the leg

Back 71

Eversion of the foot, weak plantarflexion

Front 72

name of nerve innervating muscles in the Lateral compartment of the leg

Back 72

superficial fibular nerve

Front 73

What is the overall action of muscles of the Posterior compartment of the leg

Back 73

Flexion of the toes

Front 74

name of nerve innervating muscles in the Posterior compartment of the leg

Back 74

tibial nerve

Front 75

What muscles comprise the triceps surae?

Back 75

the combination of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

Front 76

What muscles are likely to be affected by injury to the common fibular nerve?

Back 76

muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg

Front 77

What area of cutaneous sensation would also be affected?

Back 77

anterolateral aspect of the leg and the dorsum of the foot due to loss of cutaneous sensation provided by the fibular nerve

Front 78

How would common fibular nerve injury affect the way a person walks?

Back 78

The condition makes it impossible to make the heel strike the ground first—the foot drops and the toes drag on the floor when walking.

Front 79

What are the symptoms of deep fibular neuritis?

Back 79

pain, 1st / 2nd toe numbness and tingling, and weakness of big toe dorsiflexion

Front 80

What are the names of the “Tom, Dick, and Harry” muscles? Where are these muscles located?

Back 80

Tom – Tibialis posterior, Tibialis anterior
Dick – Flexor digitorum longus
Harry – Flexor hallucis longus
They all pass deep to the flexor retinaculum

Front 81

an enlargement of bone or tissue, or a tender and inflamed subcutaneous bursa that has formed around the metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe in hallux valgus.

Back 81

Bunion

Front 82

Contraction of the flexor muscles of the foot that is not balanced by the other foot muscles, or which is abnormal due to disease, flatfoot, or improper footwear

Back 82

Clawfoot

Front 83

Congenital deformity in which the foot is twisted inferiorly and medially, and the angle of the arch is increased.

Back 83

Clubfoot

Front 84

pulling the foot up

Back 84

Dorsiflexion

Front 85

tilting the foot up laterally

Back 85

eversion (at the ankle)

Front 86

pes planus, A condition in which the longitudinal arch or instep of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground

Back 86

flatfoot

Front 87

a foot deformity caused by pressure from footwear, and degenerative joint disease.

Back 87

hallux valgus

Front 88

a deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint causing it to be permanently bent. The base of the toe points upward and the end of the toe points down.

Back 88

Hammertoe

Front 89

tilting the foot up medially

Back 89

inversion (at the ankle)

Front 90

Straining and inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis

Back 90

plantar fasciitis

Front 91

pushing the foot down

Back 91

plantar flexion

Front 92

another name for clubfoot

Back 92

talipes equinovarus

Front 93

Under what conditions is the ankle joint most stable (have its greatest strength)?

Back 93

When it is completely dorsiflexed

Front 94

What is the function of the medial ligament of the ankle?

Back 94

Anchors the medial malleolus to the talus
Stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion

Front 95

What are the relative strengths of the medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle?

Back 95

The lateral ligaments are considerably weaker

Front 96

What tendon can be observed and palpated near the lateral malleolus of the ankle?

Back 96

Fibularis longus

Front 97

What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis muscle(s)? What does that nerve then
become?

Back 97

Deep fibular nerve

Lateral and medial terminal branches

Front 98

list of muscles in the 1st layer plantar layers of the foot

Back 98

Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis

Front 99

ist of muscles in the 2nd layer plantar layers of the foot

Back 99

Lumbricals
Quadrates plantae
Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Front 100

ist of muscles in the 3rd layer plantar layers of the foot

Back 100

Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi plantae

Front 101

ist of muscles in the 4th layer plantar layers of the foot

Back 101

Dorsal/plantar interosseous muscles
Fibularis longus tendon
Tibialis posterior (insertion)

Front 102

Differentiate clawfoot from hammertoe regarding the number of toes typically involved.

Back 102

Clawfoot normally consists of the lateral 4 toes
Hammertoe normally only affects one toe

Front 103

List the intrinsic muscles of the foot

Back 103

Lumbricals
Quadrates plantae
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi plantae
Dorsal/plantar interosseous muscles

Front 104

What is the dorsalis pedis artery derived from?

Back 104

Anterior tibial

Front 105

What are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery?

Back 105

lateral plantar artery - plantar arch
- plantar metatarsal arteries

medial plantar artery - plantar digital arteries