Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the etymology of the word lung?
|
Greek - Lightweight
|
|
|
What is the pleural cavity and what is inside this cavity?
|
Potential space between visceral and parietal pleurae, contains small amount of lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the membranes which slide against each other during breathing
|
|
|
Describe the anatomical chambers of the thorax:
|
Thorax can be divided into three separate chambers, with the mediastinum dividing the rest of the thorax into 2 separate spaces, one housing each lung
1) Mediastinum 2) Chamber housing R lung 3) Chamber housing L lung As a result, if a trauma causes one lung to collapse, the other may remain expanded |
|
|
What is the hilum?
|
Region on the mediastinal surface on each lung through which bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
|
|
|
What are the structural differences between the right and left lung?
|
R lung has three lobes, L lung has 2
L lung has medial concavity, the cardiac notch, in which the heart lies Due to cardiac notch L lung about 20% smaller than R |
|
|
What is the only portion of the lung that can be palpated?
|
Apex, which lies superior to the medial third of the clavicles
|
|
|
What are the fissures that divide the lobes of the right lung?
|
Oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
|
|
|
How many segmental (tertiary) bronchi are there in each lung?
|
10, which means there are ten bronchopulmonary segments in each lung
|
|
|
What is a bronchopulmonary segment and how many are there in each lung?
|
Discrete anatomic and functional unit within the lung served by an individual tertiary (segmental) bronchus
Each bronchopulmonary segment can be removed without affecting the functioning of the other segments Disease processes can localize to one segment before spreading to others |
|
|
What is a lobule in the respiratory system?
|
Functional unit within lung (smaller than segment), contains 1 lymphatic vessel, 1 arteriole, 1 venule, and one branch from a terminal bronchiole.
Each lobule is wrapped in elastic connective tissue The terminal bronchiole will branch within the lobule into microscropic respiratory bronchioles which in turn branch into alveolar ducts Alveoli open onto the alveolar ducts |
|
|
What do terminal bronchioles branch to become?
|
Respiratory bronchioles
|
|
|
What do respiratory arterioles branch to become?
|
Alveolar ducts
|
|
|
How many orders of branching are there from the trachea down to the alveolar ducts?
|
25
|
|
|
What's another name for alveolar macrophages?
|
Dust cells
|
|
|
What is an alveolar sac?
|
Grouping of 2 or more alveoli that share a common opening into the alveolar duct
|
|
|
List the functional units of the lung from largest to smallest:
|
Lung -> Lobe -> Segment -> Lobule -> Alveolar Sac -> Alveolus
|
|
|
What is the etymology of alveolus?
|
Latin, a cavity.
In English "alveoli" was first the name give the name of the sockets that tooth fit into, later pits in the stomach, and finally to the alveoli we know today in the lung |
|
|
What are the components of the alveolar wall?
|
Type I alveolar cells - simple squamous epithelial cells that form a nearly continuous lining, form the main sites of gas exchange
Type I cells sit on an elastic basement membrane Type II alveolar cells - rounded or cuboidal epithelial cells that secrete alveolar fluid |
|
|
How many principle pulmonary veins are there?
|
4
|
|
|
Describe the blood supply to the lungs
|
Lungs receive blood from two sources:
1) Deoxygenated blood from the R and L pulmonary arteries 2) Oxygenated blood from the bronchial arteries, which branch from the aorta The bronchial arteries supply mainly the muscular walls of the bronchi and bronchioles |
|
|
Describe the venous drainage of the lungs
|
Most blood, even that from the bronchial arteries, gets drained into through the 4 pulmonary veins into the left atrium
Some of the blood from the bronchial arteries drains through the bronchial veins into the SVC |
|
|
What is the pleural membrane?
|
Double-layered serous membrane lining the chest wall (parietal pleura) and lung parenchyma (visceral pleura)
|
|
|
What nerve innervates the diaphragm and which nerve roots does this nerve arise from?
|
Phrenic nerve - C3, C4, C5
|
