A & P 1 Chapter 1 & 2

Front 1

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Back 1

Chemical or Molecular Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, and Organ Level.

Front 2

What are the major organs of the integumentary system?

Back 2

Skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails.

Front 3

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Back 3

Protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information, activates vitamin D, and stores fat to use as engergy source.

Front 4

What are the major organs of the nervous system?

Back 4

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs.

Front 5

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Back 5

Directs immediate reponses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions, tries to maintain the intercal balance of the body. Short term regulation of body functions less than seconds

Front 6

What are the major organs of the skeletal system?

Back 6

Bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow.

Front 7

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Back 7

Provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, and forms blood cells.

Front 8

What are the major organs of the endocrine system?

Back 8

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissue in other systems.

Front 9

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Back 9

Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body, controls many structural and functional changes during development.

Front 10

What are the major organs of the muscular system?

Back 10

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons and aponeuroses (tendinous sheets)

Front 11

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Back 11

Provides movement, procides protection and support for other tisses, generates heat that maintains body temperature.

Front 12

What are the major organs of the cardiovascular system?

Back 12

Heart, blood and blood vessels.

Front 13

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Back 13

Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature.

Front 14

What are the major organs of the lymphatic system?

Back 14

Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and tonsils.

Front 15

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 15

Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream.

Front 16

What are the major organs of the urinary system?

Back 16

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Front 17

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Back 17

Excretes waste products from the blood, controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, and regulates blood ion concentrations and pH.

Front 18

What are the major organs of the respiratory systems?

Back 18

Nasal cavaties, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli.

Front 19

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Back 19

Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs), provides oxygen to bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, and produces sounds for communication.

Front 20

What are the major functions of the digestive system?

Back 20

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Front 21

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Back 21

Processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients (ions, water, and the breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins, and fats), stores energy reserves.

Front 22

What are the major organs of the male reproductive system?

Back 22

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, and scrotum.

Front 23

What are the functions of the male reproctive system?

Back 23

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones.

Front 24

What are the major organs for the female reproductive system?

Back 24

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands.

Front 25

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Back 25

Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones, supports developing embryo from conception to delivery, and provides milk to nourish newborn infant.

Front 26

What is homeostasis?

Back 26

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.

Front 27

What is negative feedback?

Back 27

A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.

Front 28

What is positive feedback?

Back 28

A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an intitial stimulus.

Front 29

What is the anatomical position?

Back 29

Standing upright with palms facing forward.

Front 30

What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior?

Back 30

Frontal plane

Front 31

What plane divides the body into superior and inferior?

Back 31

Transverse plane

Front 32

What plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

Back 32

Sagittal plane

Front 33

What organs are in the right upper quadrant?

Back 33

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of the stomach, small and large intestine.

Front 34

What organs are in the left upper quadrant?

Back 34

Left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the large intestine

Front 35

What organs are in the right lower quadrant?

Back 35

Cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, right ovary in female and right spermatic cord in male, and right ureter.

Front 36

What are the organs in the left lower quadrant?

Back 36

Most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, left ovary in female and left spermatic cord in male.

Front 37

What are the functions of the body cavity?

Back 37

Protect vital organs; brain, lungs, intestines, heart.... cavities allow organs to change in shape and size.