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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Agonist
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a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movment
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What is another name for the Agonist?
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"prime mover"; primary muscle
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Name an example of an Agonist.
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bicept
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Antagonist
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muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement
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Name an example of an Antagonist.
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Tricept
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Synergists
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muscles that help the primary movers
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Name some ways that a synergist help the primary movers.
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1. Adding a little extra force to the same movement 2. reducing undesireable or unneccarymovements that might occur as the prime movers contract
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Name an example of Synergists
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corocobrachialis
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Fixator
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when a synergist immobilizes a bone or a muscles origin
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Name the different naming styles of muscles
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location, shape, size, directions of muscle fibers, 3 of origins, location of attachments, action
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Name the muscles named by location
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Temporalis and Intercostals
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Temproalis
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overlies the temporal bone
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Intercoastals
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muscles in between the ribs
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Name the muscles named by the shape
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Deltoid and Trapezuis
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Deltoid
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refers to the triangular shape
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Trapezius
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refers the muscle being shaped like a trapezoid
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Name the muscles named by size
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Maximus, minimus, longus, Brevis
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Maximus
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the largest
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Minimus
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the smallest
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Longus
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long
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Brevis
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short
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Name an example of longus
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fibularius longus
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Name an example of Brevis
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis
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Name the muscles named by direction of fibers
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Rectus, transversus, oblique
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Rectus
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straight
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Name an example of Rectus
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Retus Femoris
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Transversus
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Right angle to the axis
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Name an example of Transversus
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Transversus Abdominus
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Oblique
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Diagonal
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Name an example of oblique
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superior oblique of the eye
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Name the muscle named by the number of origins
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Bicepts, tricepts, and Quadricepts
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Name the muscle named by the location of attachments
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sterno, cleido, mastoid
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Cleido
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clavicle
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Mastoid
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mastoid process of the temporal
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Name the muscles named by the action
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flexor, extensor, adductor, supinator
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Name an example of a flexor
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Flexor digitorium
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Name an example of an extensor
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extensor carpii ulnarus
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What muscle is used to raise your eyebrows?
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Frontalis
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What muscle is used for chewing?
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Temoralis
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Name the types of fascle arrangments
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Circular, Convergent, Parallel, Fusiform, Pennate
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Circular
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when the facicles are arranged in concentric rings
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Name an example of circular
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obicular oris
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Convergent
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when the muscles have a broad origin and the fasicicles converge to a single tendon or insertion
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What is another name for circular
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sphincter
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Name an example of Convergent
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pectoralis major
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Parallel
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the long axis of the fasicicles fun parallel to the long axis of the muscle; strap like muscle
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Name an example of Parallel
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sartorius
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Fusiform
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spindle shaped with a expanded midsection
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Name an example of fusiform
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bicepts brachii
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Pennate
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the fascicles are short and they attacyh obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle
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Name the types of Pennate
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Unipennate, Bipennate, and Multipennate
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Unipennate
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the fascicles insert into only one side of the tendon
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Name an example of Unipennate
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Extensor Digitorium Longus
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Bipennate
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Fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides so that the muscle's "grain" resembles a feather
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Name an example of Bipennate
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Rectus femoris
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Multipennate
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Arrangement looks like many feathers situated side by side
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What does the operation of most skeletal muscles involve?
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the use of a leverage and a lever system
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Lever
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a ridged bar that moves on a fixed point
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Fulcrum
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the fixed point in a lever
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Effort
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the applied force on a fulcrum
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Load
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the resistance
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What are joints, bones and muscles in relation to levers?
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joints are the fulcrum, the bones are the levers, and your muscles provide the effort
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Name the ways the levers can operate.
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Mechanical Advantage and Mechanical Disadvantage
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Mechanical Advantage
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the load is close to the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum
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What way of operation requires minimal effort?
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Mechanical Advantage
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Mechanical Disadvantage
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The load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
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What way of operation is used for power?
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Mechanical Advantage
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What way of operation is used for speed?
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Mechanical Disadvantage
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What way of operation is used to move the load farther and faster?
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Mechanical Disadvantage
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First Class Lever
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load, fulcrum, effort
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Name an example of first class lever
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sissors
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Second Class Lever
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fulcrum, load, effort
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Name an example of second class lever
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wheel barrow
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Third Class Lever
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load, effort, fulcrum
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Obicularis Oculi
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closes eyelids
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Obicluaris Oris
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closes and purses the lips
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Risorius
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pulls corners of lips laterally
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Zygomatic Major and Minor
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pulls corners of lips in ward
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Buccinator
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tone cheek, suckling and whistling
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Name an example of First Class Lever on the human body
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Capitis
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Name an example of Third Class Lever on the human body
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Bicept
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Platysma
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deppresses mandible and pulls corners of lips down
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Levator Palpebrae
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Raises Eyelids (innervated by CN 3, the oculomotor nerve )
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Superior, medial, and inferior rectus
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moves the eye up down and all around
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Lateral Rectus
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moves the eye laterally
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Superior Oblique
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eye ball downward and outward rotation
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Inferior Oblique
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eyeball upward and outward rotation
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Masseter
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Strongly elevates mandible or closes jaws
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Pterygoid
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jaws swing side to side
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Occipitals
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pulls scalp posteiorly
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Sternocleiodmastoid
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together: flex forward; singly: tilt and rotate
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Sternohyoid
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depresses layrnix and hyoid bone
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Capitis Group
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assisted by upper trapezius if the sholders are stable: extends head on the neck; singly rotates
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Erector Spinae Group
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extending down vertebrea to maintain upright posture
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Rectus Abdominus
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Flex and rotates lumbar, fix and depresses ribs, stablizes pelvis
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External Abdominal Oblique
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aid in trunk rotation and lateral flextion
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Internal Abdominal Oblique
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aid in trunk rotation and lateral flextion
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Transvese Abdominis
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compresses abdominal contents
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Linea Alba
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a tendinous seam that runs from the sternum to the pubic symphsis
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Trapezius
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upper portion elevates while lower portion depresses
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Serratus Anterior
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Rotates Scapula
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Pectoralis Minor
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pulls the scapula anterior
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Levator Scapula
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elevates the scapula
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Rhomboideus Major and Minor
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elevates and adducts the scapula
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Pectoralis Major
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flexes, adducts, and medially rotates
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Lastissimus Dorsi
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extends, adducts, and medially rotates
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Deltoid
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abducts
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Supraspinatus
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abducts
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Infraspinatus
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Laterally rotates
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Subscapularis
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medially rotates
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Teres Major and Minor
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extends, adducts, and medially rotates
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Coracobrachialis
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flexes and adducts
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Brachialis
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flexes
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Brachioradialis
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flexes
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Bicepts Brachii
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Flexes and supinates
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Tricept Brachii
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extends
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Supinator
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Supinates Forearm
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Pronator Teres
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pronates forearm
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
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flexes and abducts hand at the wrist
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None
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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flexes and adducts hand at the wrist
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Extensor Carpi Radialis
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extends and adducts hand at the wrist
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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extends and adducts hand at the wrist
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Palmaris Longus
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Flexes the wrist and tenses the skin and fascia of the palm
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Flexor Digitorium Superficialis and Flexor Digitorum Profundus
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flexes fingers at metacarpo-phlangeal joints and interphlangeal joints
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Interosseous
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intrinsic: abducts fingers (back side of hand)
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Lumbricals
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intrinsic: adducts fingers (palm side of hand)
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Name the muscles of the thumb
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Longus, and adductor pollicis
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Diaphram
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pushes abdominal contents down and enlarges the thoracic cavity vertically
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External Intercoastals
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raise and spread ribs to enlarge the thoracic cavity during inspiration
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Internal Intercostals
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forced experations only
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Coccygeus
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tone that supports pelvic organs
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Levator Ani and External anal sphincter
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controls bowel elimination
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Ili and psoas major (Iliopsoas)
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flex
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Gluetus Maximus
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Extends and laterally rotates
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Gluetus Medius
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abducts and medially rotates
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Adductor Longus and Mangus
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adducts and flexes
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Pectineus
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adducts, f;exes, and medially rotates the thigh
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
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Flexes and Abducts the thigh (synergist)
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Gracilis
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flexes the knee and adducts the femur
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Sartorius
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flexes knee and femur, laterally rotates the femur
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Quadricepts Femoris
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extends leg at the knee
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Rectus Femoris
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Crosses two joints and also flexes the hip
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Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus Medialis
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Flexes Leg and Extends the thigh
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Hamstring Group
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Flexes Leg and Extends the thigh
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Name the muscles in the Hamstring Group
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Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and bicept femoris
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Gastrocnemius
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Plantar flexes the foot
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Soleus
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Plantar flexes the foot
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Tibialis Anterior
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Dosiflexes the foot
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Tibialis Posterior
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inverts the foot
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Fibularis Longus and Fibularis Brevis
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everts the foot
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Flexor Digitorium Longus
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Flexion
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Extensor Digitorium Longus
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Extends
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Flexor Hallicus Longus
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flexes at the great toe
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Myathenia Gravis
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because of the loss of Ach the upper eyelids drop, theres a diffuculty of swallowing and talking, and generalized muscle weakness
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Rigor Mortis
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the ATP is depleted from cells, actin and myosin become irreversibly cross-linked, producing stiffness
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Atrophy
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degeneration and loss of muscle mass due to disuse
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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an inderited muscle destroying desiese caused by the lack of dystrphonin within the cytoplasm. Victims rarely live beyond their 20s
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Hernia
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Protrusion of an abdominial organ through a weak point in the muscles of the abdominal wall
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Myalgia
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muscle pain
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Fibromyositis
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chronic inflammation of a muscle and it's connective tissues coverings and tendons
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Strains
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commonly called a "pulled muscle" and is the result of excessive streching and possible tearing of a muscle and or tendon
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