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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ozone layer |
Found at the outer edge of the stratosphere, at a height that varies from about 10-40km above the earth's surface |
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What are chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs) |
Used as refrigerants, in air conditioning units and as aerosol propellants |
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Where is Nitrogen oxide produced |
Naturally from lighting strikes Aircraft emissions |
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What is the benefit of the ozone layer |
Ozone absorbs harmful UV radiation that would damage cell DNA |
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How do we convert haloalknes into alcohols |
Using aqueous sodium hydroxide Mixture is heated under reflux to obtain a good yield of product Using aqueous sodium hydroxide Mixture is heated under reflux to obtain a good yield of product Using aqueous sodium hydroxide Mixture is heated under reflux to obtain a good yield of product |
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What is the general equation for ozone depletion? |
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What are some examples of ozone delpetion equations |
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What is the general equation for converting haloalkanes into alcohols |
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What type of reaction is haloalkane to alcohols? |
Hydrolysis / Nucleophilic substituion |
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What are important things to remember when drawing the mechanism for converting a haloalkane into an alcohol? |
Draw the charges on the carbon and the halogen Nucleophile attacks on the side opposite of the halogen Nucleophile has a lone pair and a negative charge on the O |
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What are the different prefixes we can use to represent the different halogens in haloalkanes |
F = Fluoro Cl= Chloro Br = Bromo I = Iodo |
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What changes the rate of hydrolyis |
The strength of the carbon -Halogen bond in the haloalkane |
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What are the different strengths of carbon-halogen bonds |
C-F bonds are strongest Then C-Cl Then C-Br C-I bonds are the weakest Less energy is required to break the C-I bond than other Carbon-Halogen bonds |
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What causes the different strengths of carbon-halogen bonds? |
The longer and weaker the C-X bond the lower the rate of Activation energy and the faster the rate Longer = the size of the atomic radius increases as we go down the group, for ex Iodine is the lowest out of the other halogens in the group so its the longest it also has the weakest bonds so the RO hydrolysis is fast |
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Why do we use NaOH instead of water when converting a haloalkane into an alcohol |
You would always get a white precipitae from this reaction so it wouldn't be able to indicate the rate |
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What are nucleophiles? |
Species that donate a lone pair of electrons |
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What is a tertiary, primary and secondary haloalkane? |
Tertiary haloalkane = Has 3 carbons bonded directly to the carbon atom that is bonded to the halogen
Secondary - 2 carbons bonded directly
Primary = 1 carbon bonded directly |
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Are CFC's responsible for all ozone depleting reactions? |
No Other radicals also catalyse the breakdown of Ozone Ex Nitrogen oxide radicals |
