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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Data?
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Data consists of the raw facts and figures at the collecting stage, before they are processed and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.
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What is Information?
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information is data that has been processed into a form that is useful and meaningful
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What is the diffrence between raw data and information?
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information has a context and its meaning is dependent on that context. Raw data has no context.
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Information = ? + ?
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Data + Context
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What is Knowledge?
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KNOWLEDGE is a set of concepts, rules, and procedures used by people to use information to make decisions.
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what is the the relationship between datam information and knowledge?
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informations systems collect data and process it -> iNFORMATION -> this information can be used by induviduals who have KNOWLEDGE of the wider context
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What is Direct Data?
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Direct Data is data that has been collected form a source document for a specific purpose to enable decisions to be made.
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what is Indirect Data?
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Indirect data involves the use of data for a prupose other than that for which it was originally collected and intended for.
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How do you judge the quality of information? (hint: List of 3)
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* Accurate
* Up to date * Complete |
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What are the diffrent ways that data can be entered incorrectly? (hint: List of 4)
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* The wrong data has been supplied
* It has been keyed in wrong * The processing preformed on the data to produce the output may be incorrect * Error with tech used |
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What is the phrase used in relation to the quality of information?
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GIGO - Garbage in, Garbage out
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What problems could arise out of incomplete data?
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in the case of a bar code scanner, goods could be stolen or damaged, and the scanner wouldnt be able to account for this.
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what problem could arise from out of date data?
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Data would not be reliable becouse things would of changed by that time.
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Why should data be accurate?
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in order for it to be error free and prevent poor desicions
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What is Data verification?
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the process of checking that data is correct before storage
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What is Double Entry in terms of Verification?
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2 operaters keying in the same data and comparing them.
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What is Proof Reading in terms of verification?
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proof reading is preformed by someone checking what has been entered against the source document.
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What are other forms of verification other then Proof Reading and Double Entry?
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reading back information to the customer and sending printouts of the inputted data to the data source.
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What is a presence check?
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Data is checked to ensure that all necessary fields are present
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what is a length check?
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length checks are used to ensure that input data contains the correct number of characters.
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what is a Data Type check?
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Fields are checked to ensure that they contain the correct type of data
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What is a Range check?
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Numbers or numeric codes are checked to ensure that the value input lies within a specified range.
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What is a problem found with Range checks?
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it does not see faults of things being typed in wrong
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What is a format check?
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a format check is where all fiends are checked to ensure that they contain the correct format of data
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are spelling chekcs only used in word processors?
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no. it is used in any software that needs accurate text.
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what is a lookup table?
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a lookup table contains a list of valid codes or values that can be used to enter data
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what is a batch total?
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a batch total is a type of verification and it creates a manually calculated value which can be used to check the results of processing
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What are two types of Batch Total's?
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Control total and Hash total
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what is a Control total?
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Control total is when the data added together has a result that is meaningful.
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what is a hash total?
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where numeric entries are added together and the result is meaningless
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what are three things that go into the cost of producing data?
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Hardware, software, and personnel.
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What are Adapting standards?
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Adapting standards are a set of rules that are agreed within a community so that people within that community can work together effectively
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What is De Facto?
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Standards informally agreed by ICT users as the accepted way of doing things/
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What is De Jure?
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Standards enforced by a governing body of some sort
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What is PTT?
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Postal, Telegraph and Telephone
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What is ITU?
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The International organisation for standardisation
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What is ANSO
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The American National Standards Orginisation.
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What is IEEE?
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The institute of electrical and eletrongic engeneers.
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