A Beka Health 9 Chapter 2

Front 1

the ability of the parts of the body to work together to perform physical activities

Back 1

fitness

Front 2

the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to distribute nutrients and oxygen to and remove wastes from the body during extended periods

Back 2

cardiorespiratory endurance

Front 3

study of the heart and the network of blood vessels and their functions

Back 3

cardiology

Front 4

parts of the cardiovascular system

Back 4

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood

Front 5

carry blood away from heart

Back 5

arteries

Front 6

carry blood toward heart

Back 6

veins

Front 7

doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system

Back 7

cardiologist

Front 8

heart's two upper chambers

Back 8

atria (singular = atrium)

Front 9

heart's two lower chambers

Back 9

ventricles

Front 10

thick vertical wall separating the left and right sides of the heart

Back 10

septum

Front 11

separates each atrium and ventricle

Back 11

A-V valve

Front 12

carries blood from heart to lungs

Back 12

pulmonary arteries

Front 13

carries blood from lungs to heart

Back 13

pulmonary veins

Front 14

flow of blood from heart to lungs and back

Back 14

pulmonary circulation

Front 15

largest artery (next to heart)

Back 15

aorta

Front 16

aorta branches into arteries which branch into ________

Back 16

arterioles, then capillaries

Front 17

blood return to heart goes from capillaries to _____

Back 17

venules , then veins

Front 18

largest vein (next to heart)

Back 18

venae cavae

Front 19

vena cava that leads from upper body to heart

Back 19

superior vena cava

Front 20

vena cava that leads from lower body to heart

Back 20

inferior vena cava

Front 21

movement of blood through body (excluding lungs)

Back 21

systemic circulation

Front 22

the force blood puts on the walls of blood vessels

Back 22

blood pressure

Front 23

blood pressure number during contraction of the ventricles

Back 23

systolic pressure

Front 24

blood pressure number during relaxation of the ventricles

Back 24

diastolic pressure

Front 25

high blood pressure

Back 25

hypertension

Front 26

rhythmic change of blood pressure

Back 26

pulse

Front 27

easiest places to feel your pulse

Back 27

radial arteries in wrists and carotid arteries in neck

Front 28

amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each contraction

Back 28

stroke volume

Front 29

prefix means over, above, or excessive

Back 29

hyper

Front 30

study of the respiratory system

Back 30

pneumology

Front 31

large, spongy organs in the thoracic cavity

Back 31

lungs

Front 32

throat

Back 32

pharynx

Front 33

opening in the trachea

Back 33

glottis

Front 34

voice box

Back 34

larynx

Front 35

windpipe

Back 35

trachea

Front 36

cartilage flap covering the glottis

Back 36

epiglottis

Front 37

folds of elastic tissue that produce speech sounds

Back 37

vocal cords

Front 38

order of air entering the body

Back 38

nasal or oral cavity, pharynx, glottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (bronchioles and alveoli are in the lungs)

Front 39

main branches entering the lungs

Back 39

bronchi

Front 40

movable floor of muscle in thoracic cavity

Back 40

diaphragm

Front 41

the largest amount of air you can inhale and exhale in one breath

Back 41

vital capacity

Front 42

prefix means lungs

Back 42

pneumo-

Front 43

means chest

Back 43

thoracic

Front 44

prefix means on, over, or above

Back 44

epi-

Front 45

how much force a muscle can exert

Back 45

muscular strength

Front 46

a muscle's ability to hold contraction or repeat a contraction without tiring

Back 46

muscular endurance

Front 47

ability of a muscle to use its full range of motion

Back 47

flexibility

Front 48

prefix means bones

Back 48

osteo-

Front 49

study of skeletal system

Back 49

osteology

Front 50

two main parts of skeletal system

Back 50

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Front 51

part of skeletal system that includes skull, backbone, neck, ribs and breastbones

Back 51

axial skeleton

Front 52

part of skeletal system that includes shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

Back 52

appendicular skeleton

Front 53

vertebrae in the neck

Back 53

cervical vertebrae

Front 54

largest segment of vertebrae

Back 54

thoracic vertebrae

Front 55

largest vertebrae (in lower back)

Back 55

lumbar vertebrae

Front 56

bone which used to be separate vertebrae

Back 56

sacrum

Front 57

tailbone

Back 57

coccyx

Front 58

shoulder blades

Back 58

scapulae

Front 59

collarbone

Back 59

clavicle

Front 60

upper arm bone

Back 60

humerus

Front 61

lower arm bones

Back 61

radius and ulna

Front 62

wrist bones

Back 62

carpals

Front 63

rigid ring of thick bone that supports your weight

Back 63

pelvic girdle

Front 64

thigh bone

Back 64

femur

Front 65

shin bone

Back 65

tibia

Front 66

longest bone in body

Back 66

femur

Front 67

ankle bones

Back 67

tarsals

Front 68

protective covering on bones

Back 68

periosteum

Front 69

4 classifications of bones

Back 69

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

Front 70

3 kinds of joints

Back 70

immovable joints, slightly movable joints, freely movably joints

Front 71

6 kinds of freely movable joints

Back 71

ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, ellipsoid

Front 72

tough and slippery, covers ends of bones

Back 72

cartilage

Front 73

connects bones to bones

Back 73

ligaments

Front 74

study of muscular system

Back 74

myology

Front 75

study of the mechanics of human motion

Back 75

kinesiology

Front 76

muscles that are voluntary

Back 76

skeletal muscles

Front 77

muscles that are involuntary

Back 77

cardiac or smooth muscle

Front 78

prefix means muscle

Back 78

my-, myo-

Front 79

means movement

Back 79

kinesis

Front 80

the slight tension in a relaxed muscle

Back 80

muscle tone

Front 81

muscles that decrease the angle between the bones of a joint

Back 81

flexors

Front 82

muscles that increase the angle between the bones of a joint

Back 82

extensors

Front 83

connects muscles to bones

Back 83

tendon

Front 84

end of muscle anchored to immovable part of body

Back 84

origin

Front 85

end of muscle anchored to movable part of body

Back 85

insertion

Front 86

muscles connect skull to sternum and clavicles

Back 86

sternocleidomastoid

Front 87

muscles that allow shrugging and shoulder movements

Back 87

trapezius

Front 88

muscles that allow you to close jaw

Back 88

temporalis and masseter muscles

Front 89

muscles connecting humerus to lumbar

Back 89

latissimus dorsi

Front 90

muscles from sternum to humerus

Back 90

pectoralis major

Front 91

muscles that allow you to raise your arms

Back 91

deltoid

Front 92

muscles that allow your elbows to bend

Back 92

biceps brachii

Front 93

muscles that allow your elbows to straighten

Back 93

triceps brachii

Front 94

muscles in upper legs

Back 94

gluteus maximus

Front 95

muscles in the back of the thighs

Back 95

hamstrings

Front 96

muscles in the front of the thigh

Back 96

quadriceps femoris

Front 97

muscles in the inner thigh

Back 97

adductors and abductors

Front 98

muscles that lift your lower leg

Back 98

sartorius

Front 99

calf muscle

Back 99

gastrocnemius

Front 100

muscles that pull foot up

Back 100

tibialis anterior

Front 101

moderate, long-duration exercise

Back 101

aerobic exercise

Front 102

brief, strenuous exercise

Back 102

anaerobic exercise

Front 103

3 characteristics of good aerobic exercise

Back 103

frequency, intensity, duration

Front 104

prefix meaning air

Back 104

aer-, aero-

Front 105

prefix meaning without

Back 105

an-

Front 106

anaerobic exercises that involve pushing or pulling against an immovable object

Back 106

isometric exercises

Front 107

anaerobic exercises that involve exerting constant force against a movable object

Back 107

istotonic exercises

Front 108

anaerobic exercises that involve exerting extreme force against a moving resistance

Back 108

isokinetic exercises

Front 109

amount of fat in relation to total body weight

Back 109

percent body fat

Front 110

heart rate you should have if working out effectively

Back 110

training heart rate

Front 111

enlargement of muscles through use

Back 111

hypertrophy

Front 112

the wasting away of muscles

Back 112

atrophy

Front 113

what your muscles use to generate energy in short bursts

Back 113

phosphate compounds

Front 114

byproduct of muscles breaking down of glucose (causes feelings of exhaustion and soreness)

Back 114

lactic acid

Front 115

means water

Back 115

hydrate

Front 116

nutrients an athlete needs extra of

Back 116

energy and water

Front 117

painful thing that can occur when fatigued muscles receive insufficient blood to remove waste

Back 117

muscle cramps

Front 118

condition in which the body's cells are in a condition that allows them to survive

Back 118

homeostasis

Front 119

primary organ of integumentary system

Back 119

skin

Front 120

largest organ of the body

Back 120

skin

Front 121

root means skin

Back 121

derm, derma

Front 122

prefix meaning less than, beneath, below

Back 122

hypo-

Front 123

study of the skin

Back 123

dermatology

Front 124

doctor who treats skin diseases and disorders

Back 124

dermatologist

Front 125

fatty layer that attaches skin to muscle and bone

Back 125

hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

Front 126

layer of skin that contains nerves, blood, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Back 126

dermis

Front 127

sacs out of which hair roots grow

Back 127

hair follicles

Front 128

glands that produce oil to moisturize skin

Back 128

sebaceous glands

Front 129

name of skin oil

Back 129

sebum

Front 130

primary purpose is to regulate body temperature

Back 130

sweat glands

Front 131

nerve endings in the dermis that communicate between you and the outside world

Back 131

sensory receptors

Front 132

skin's outer layer

Back 132

epidermis

Front 133

prefix meaning on, over, above

Back 133

epi-

Front 134

prefix meaning disease

Back 134

patho-

Front 135

suffix meaning something that produces

Back 135

-gen

Front 136

disease-causing organisms

Back 136

pathogens

Front 137

layer of dead cells at the base of the nail

Back 137

cuticle

Front 138

sticky, colorless film of harmful bacteria on teeth

Back 138

plaque

Front 139

bad-smelling breath

Back 139

halitosis

Front 140

means tooth

Back 140

dent, dont

Front 141

person who provides preventive dental care

Back 141

dental hygienist

Front 142

person who prevents and corrects improperly aligned teeth

Back 142

orthodontist

Front 143

condition in which upper and lower teeth do not align

Back 143

malocclusion

Front 144

colored pigment in skin

Back 144

melanin

Front 145

rays harmful to skin

Back 145

UV (ultraviolet)

Front 146

most common types of skin cancer, caused by overexposure to the sun

Back 146

basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma

Front 147

danger form of skin cancer that occurs in fair-skinned people

Back 147

melanoma

Front 148

prefix meaning dark

Back 148

melan-, melano-

Front 149

prefix meaning cancer

Back 149

carcino-

Front 150

suffix meaning tumor

Back 150

-oma

Front 151

ABC signs of melanoma in a mole

Back 151

asymmetry, border irregularity, color change, diameter change