A Beka Biology Chapter 5

Front 1

the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities

Back 1

taxonomy

Front 2

devised the method of classification used today

Back 2

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 3

English clergyman from whom Linnaeus got a lot of ideas

Back 3

John Ray

Front 4

basis for Linnaeus' classification system

Back 4

basic body structure (animals); arrangement of reproductive organs (plants)

Front 5

the two traditional kingdoms

Back 5

Plantae and Animalia

Front 6

kingdoms are divided into

Back 6

phyla

Front 7

phyla are divided into

Back 7

classes

Front 8

classes are divided into

Back 8

orders

Front 9

orders are divided into

Back 9

families

Front 10

families are divided into

Back 10

genera

Front 11

genera are divided into

Back 11

species

Front 12

biblical term for a group of similar organisms all descended from a single group of originally created animals

Back 12

kind

Front 13

language used in Linnaeus' system

Back 13

Latin and Latinized Greek

Front 14

system for assigning scientific names which uses only two words for each scientific name

Back 14

binomial system of nomenclature

Front 15

six kingdoms currently proposed

Back 15

plantae, animalia, protista, fungi, eubacteria, archaebacteria

Front 16

classifications that stress supposed evolutionary similarities in sub-cellular structure

Back 16

domains

Front 17

three common domains

Back 17

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Front 18

phylum for angiosperms

Back 18

anthophyta

Front 19

vascular plants

Back 19

angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns

Front 20

all plants are either of what

Back 20

vascular or nonvascular

Front 21

two groups of vascular plants

Back 21

seed plants and nonseed plants

Front 22

plants that do not produce flowers but do produce seeds

Back 22

gymnosperms

Front 23

what most gymnosperms produce

Back 23

cones or conelike structures

Front 24

familiar cone-bearing gymnosperms

Back 24

conifers

Front 25

amazing reproduction cycle of conifers

Back 25

alternation of generations

Front 26

the two generations of gymnosperm reproduction

Back 26

sporophyte and gametophyte

Front 27

two types of cones produced by conifers

Back 27

staminate cones, ovulate cones

Front 28

one of the world's biggest trees (and a conifer)

Back 28

Douglas-fir

Front 29

one of the oldest living things on earth (and a conifer)

Back 29

giant sequoia and bristlecone pines

Front 30

some of the most common conifers in temperate latitudes

Back 30

pines

Front 31

evergreens with needles two or more inches long in clusters of 2-5

Back 31

pines

Front 32

gymnosperms that resemble palm trees

Back 32

cycad

Front 33

an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves

Back 33

ginkgo

Front 34

nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems

Back 34

ferns

Front 35

fern method of reproduction

Back 35

spores

Front 36

tiny, one-celled reproductive structures capable of growing into distinct organisms under the proper conditions

Back 36

spores

Front 37

fern leaves

Back 37

fronds

Front 38

small brownish dots on fronds

Back 38

sori

Front 39

a fern's underground stems

Back 39

rhizomes

Front 40

creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shaped, cone-like structures

Back 40

club mosses

Front 41

a typical club moss

Back 41

lycopodium

Front 42

vascular plants with unique hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves

Back 42

horsetails

Front 43

nonvascular plants that lack xylem and phloem

Back 43

mosses

Front 44

"mosslike plants"

Back 44

bryophytes

Front 45

tiny hairlike threads moss has instead of roots

Back 45

rhizoids

Front 46

large, branching, swamp-dwelling moss

Back 46

peat moss or Sphagnum

Front 47

a compressed accumulation of partially decayed plant materials

Back 47

peat

Front 48

swamps and marshes

Back 48

peat bogs

Front 49

nonvascular plants that lack true leaves, roots, and stems, and grow along the surface of the ground

Back 49

liverworts

Front 50

the smallest chlorophyll-containing organisms

Back 50

algae

Front 51

why algae are important

Back 51

they are the major producers of food in aquatic environments

Front 52

microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms

Back 52

plankton

Front 53

classes of algae

Back 53

green, yellow, brown, red, blue-green

Front 54

when algae clump together

Back 54

colony

Front 55

long chain of cells of algae joined together

Back 55

filament

Front 56

one of the most important green algae

Back 56

chlorella

Front 57

a unicellular green alga which lives in both soil and water

Back 57

chlamydomonas

Front 58

two animal-like characteristics of chlmydomonas

Back 58

flagella and stigma

Front 59

unicellular green alga that grows on tree trunks and unpainted wood

Back 59

protococcus

Front 60

large group of freshwater green algae

Back 60

desmids

Front 61

unicellular algae which live in colonies of hundreds or thousands

Back 61

volvox

Front 62

anchoring cell that attaches some algae to rocks or debris

Back 62

holdfast

Front 63

algae frequently used in labs

Back 63

spirogyra

Front 64

most numerous of the yellow algae

Back 64

diatoms

Front 65

makes up the rigid cell walls of diatoms

Back 65

silica

Front 66

the two almost equal halves of a diatom's cell wall

Back 66

valves

Front 67

dead packed-together diatom shells

Back 67

diatomaceous earth

Front 68

large saltwater brown algae

Back 68

seaweed

Front 69

largest of the brown algae

Back 69

kelp

Front 70

gummy substance gotten from kelp

Back 70

algin

Front 71

type of brown algae that attaches to rocks along the seashore

Back 71

rockweeds

Front 72

large mass of floating gulfweeds east of Florida

Back 72

Sargassum (calling the area the Sargasso Sea)

Front 73

a gelatinous substance used in foods that comes from red algae

Back 73

carrageenan

Front 74

gelling agent used in labs

Back 74

agar

Front 75

edible red algae

Back 75

dulse

Front 76

Japanese name for edible red algae

Back 76

nori

Front 77

general current classification for blue-green algae

Back 77

bacteria (cyanobacteria)

Front 78

genus of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria whose cells look like beads or barrels

Back 78

Anabaena

Front 79

microscopic, one-celled, aquatic organisms found in fresh and salt water

Back 79

dinoflagellates

Front 80

well known type of dinoflagellate

Back 80

"red tide"

Front 81

nonvascular plants without chlorophyll that depend on other organisms for food

Back 81

fungi

Front 82

organisms that manufacture their own food

Back 82

autotrophs

Front 83

organisms that obtain food from outside sources

Back 83

heterotrophs

Front 84

fungi that obtain their nutrition from dead organisms

Back 84

saprophytes

Front 85

threadlike structures that form the body of a fungus

Back 85

hyphae

Front 86

mass of hyphae that form the main body of a fungus

Back 86

mycelium

Front 87

scientists who study fungi

Back 87

mycologists

Front 88

club-shaped structures in fungi that contain spores

Back 88

basidia

Front 89

fungi whose spores are produced in basidia

Back 89

club fungi

Front 90

examples of club fungi

Back 90

mushrooms, toadstools, shelf fungi, rust, smuts

Front 91

umbrella-shaped structure in mushrooms

Back 91

fruiting body

Front 92

fungi often found on trees or rotting logs

Back 92

bracket or shelf fungi

Front 93

organism that lives on another living organism, taking its nutrition from it

Back 93

parasite

Front 94

organisms that must have two hosts to complete their life cycle

Back 94

alternate parasites

Front 95

the hosts of wheat rust

Back 95

wheat, barberry bush

Front 96

fungi that greatly harm crops

Back 96

rusts, smuts

Front 97

commonly attacks corn crops

Back 97

corn smuts

Front 98

fungi with saclike spore-producing structures

Back 98

sac fungi

Front 99

well-known sac fungus which converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Back 99

yeast

Front 100

what yeasts produce when conditions are good for growth

Back 100

buds

Front 101

what yeast produces when conditions are bad for growth

Back 101

ascus

Front 102

jellylike organisms often seen on the bark of fallen trees

Back 102

slime molds

Front 103

single unit that came from two organisms living together in a close relationship

Back 103

lichen

Front 104

general term for two different kinds of o organisms living together for mutual benefit

Back 104

symbiosis