A Beka Biology Chapter 13

Front 1

God's command to man regarding nature

Back 1

subdue the earth for God's glory and man's benefit

Front 2

changed man's relationship with nature

Back 2

the Fall of man

Front 3

occurred over time

Back 3

man moved farther from God's truth

Front 4

ancient peoples who had the truest understanding of the natural world

Back 4

Hebrews

Front 5

most famous early Hebrew naturalist

Back 5

Solomon

Front 6

Bible writers who showed understanding of nature

Back 6

Job, Jacob, Moses, David, Daniel

Front 7

ancient people who built on previous wisdom but did not acknowledge the true God as Creator

Back 7

Greeks

Front 8

originated the theory of spontaneous generation

Back 8

Anaximander

Front 9

idea that living things come from nonliving things

Back 9

spontaneous generation

Front 10

teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor

Back 10

evolution

Front 11

believed the physical world was not real

Back 11

Plato

Front 12

name for Plato's beliefs

Back 12

doctrine of ideas

Front 13

Plato's school in Athens

Back 13

the Academy

Front 14

believed human reasoning is the highest form of reality

Back 14

Aristotle

Front 15

name for Aristotle's philosophy

Back 15

doctrine of intellect

Front 16

made advances in knowledge about animals and anatomy

Back 16

Aristotle

Front 17

ancient people who were more practical than philosophical and did not make many discoveries but did preserve and compile previous discoveries

Back 17

Romans

Front 18

Roman who was strongly influenced by Plato

Back 18

Pliny the Elder

Front 19

Pliny the Elder's science book

Back 19

Natural History

Front 20

Roman doctor who learned much about the human body and remained the authority on anatomy for over 1000 years

Back 20

Galen

Front 21

primary scientific authority during the Middle Ages

Back 21

pagan philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Pliny

Front 22

Greek sect of Christianity that preserved much learning during the Middle Ages

Back 22

Nestorians

Front 23

revived interest in the natural world

Back 23

return to the authority of Scripture (the Protestant Reformation)

Front 24

French pastor and schoolteacher who wrote Living Pictures of Herbs about medicine

Back 24

Otto Brunfels

Front 25

German who wrote The Natural History of Plants, also about medical use of plants

Back 25

Leonhard Fuchs

Front 26

Swiss naturalist

Back 26

Konrad Gesner

Front 27

published famous book on the anatomy of the human body to correct errors in Galen's work

Back 27

Andreas Vesalius

Front 28

name of Vesalius's book

Back 28

the Fabrica

Front 29

the Father of Anatomy

Back 29

Vesalius

Front 30

English doctor who studied blood circulation

Back 30

William Harvey

Front 31

the idea that the universe consists only of the physical

Back 31

materialism

Front 32

Father of Chemistry

Back 32

Robert Boyle

Front 33

Father of Physics

Back 33

Sir Isaac Newton

Front 34

founded the Philosophical College

Back 34

John Wilkins

Front 35

group created to study science but repudiate materialism

Back 35

The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge

Front 36

French scientific group founded mostly by Huguenots and Jansenists

Back 36

French Academy of Sciences

Front 37

French mathematician and scientist

Back 37

Blaise Pascal

Front 38

most important invention to aid biology

Back 38

microscope

Front 39

first used a magnifying glass

Back 39

Roger Bacon

Front 40

first to write an entire book about microscopic observations

Back 40

Robert Hooke

Front 41

first person to exclusively study microscopic observations

Back 41

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 42

says that all living things are composed of living units called cells and that all cells come from preexisting cells

Back 42

cell theory

Front 43

process used to answer scientific questions

Back 43

scientific method

Front 44

reasoning from specific events to general causes

Back 44

inductive reasoning

Front 45

steps in scientific method

Back 45

1. State the problem clearly and completely. 2. Examine the facts and suggest possible solutions. 3. Test all possible solutions. 4. Make a conclusion based on facts. 5. Keep an open mind. 6. Further test the conclusion.

Front 46

tentative solution to a scientific problem

Back 46

hypothesis

Front 47

experiment in which all factors but one remain the same

Back 47

controlled experiment

Front 48

the one factor which changes

Back 48

variable

Front 49

group which has variables changed

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experimental group

Front 50

group which has nothing changed

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control group

Front 51

a hypothesis which has been test multiple times and may be valid

Back 51

theory

Front 52

a theory which has stood the test of time and been verified by repeated experiments

Back 52

scientific law

Front 53

one of the first scientists to present evidence against spontaneous generation

Back 53

Francesco Redi

Front 54

experiments included maggots and flies on meat

Back 54

Francesco Redi

Front 55

experiments included broth in flasks

Back 55

Louis Pasteur

Front 56

finally proved the spontaneous generation was false

Back 56

Louis Pasteur

Front 57

states that living things come only from other living things

Back 57

law of biogenesis

Front 58

the idea that science can find answer for any problem in life

Back 58

scientism

Front 59

area which science cannot help in

Back 59

the spiritual