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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inner most membrane of the kidney
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Renal capsule
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Anatomical layers of the kidney
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Renal facia, periennial fat capsule, and fibrous capsule (renal capsule)
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What two major structures are involved in the concentration of urine?
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Juxtamedullary Nepron, Vasa Recta
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Urine flow
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Renal pyramid minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter
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Blood vessels of the Kidney
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1.Aorta
2.Renal Artery 3.Segmental Artery 4.Interlobar Artery 5.Arcuate Artery. 6.Cortical Radiate Artery 7.Afferent Arteriole 8.Glomerulus 9. Efferent Arteriole 10.peritubular Capillaries/vasa recta 11.Cortical Radiate vein 12.Acuate Vein 13.Interlobar Vein 14.Renal Vein 15. Inferior Vena Cava A-R-S-I-C-A-G-E-P-C-A-I-R-I |
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What is the Juxtaglomerular cells?
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They are cells that release an enzyme called renin in the detection of low sodium. Baro receptor cells that respond to blood pressure
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what is the Macula Densa and what does it respond to?
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Cells at the Ascending loop of nephron that respond to NaCl in the blood. it is a chemo receptor that signals a restriction of blood flow and the release of renin.
Specialized cells that respond to sodium |
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How much blood passes through the Glumeruli each minute?
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120-125 mills per minute
650 ml is plasma and 120-125 ml is forced into the glumeruli to filtrate |
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How much urine is excreated?
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1.2 -1.5liters per day
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What enzyme do the kidneys release?
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Renin
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Where is most of the tubular reabsorption accomplished?
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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What is normally reabsorbed 100% by the normal kidney?
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Glucose
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How concentrated can urine be?
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1200 milliosmosis
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Aldosterone functions to cause reabsorpton of what?
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Sodium
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What releases aldosteron?
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Adrenal glands-adrenal cortex
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Where is ADH made and what organ releases it?
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It is made in the hypothalmus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
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What is a by product of nucleic acid metabolism
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uric acid
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What are all the terms for emptying the bladder?
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Micturation, urination and voiding
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Where is angiotensin present?
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in the lungs and the blood stream
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What test would a doctor run to check GFR?
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Renal Clearance Test
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Thickest muscle of the bladder wall
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Detruser muscle
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What is a strong acid and an example of on?
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Something that ionizes completely in an aqueous soloution by losing one proton. HCL
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What is Glomerulonephritis? What kind of infection can it cause
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inflamation of the glomerli, can lead to renal failure, caused by strep or bacteria??
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What is Angiotensin and what does it stimulate the release of?
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It's a hormone and it stimulates the release of Aldosterone
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What are j.g. cells?
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they are cell in the arteriole wall. They contain the enzyme renin, they are mechanorecptor that sense blood pressure in the afferent arteriole
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what causes the jg cells to release renin?
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low blood pressure
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what is a nephron?
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structual and functional unit of the kidney
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Whats the major cation in Interstitial fluid also (ecf)? Intracellular fluid (ICF)? Blood plasma?
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Na+, K+, Na+
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Whats the major anion in ECF (interstital fluid), Intracellular fluid ICF?
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CL-, HPO 2/4, Blood plasma Cl-
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What is Alkolosis?
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When the ph of arterial blood rises above 7.45
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What is acidosis?
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When a drop in arterial blood is below 7.35ph
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what is the main cation in extra cellular fluid?
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Na+
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What is the main Anion?
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CL
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What is respiratory acidosis? what causes it?
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when a person cannot remove all the co2 in the blood and it causes acid build up-when someone breathes shallowly and gas exchange is hampered, pnuemonia, cystic fibrosis and emphysemia-ph level falls below-values above 45 mm hg
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what is respiratory alkalosis? what another name?
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results when carbon dioxide is elimated faster than it's produced. Hyperventalation-results in the blood become more alkaline, often due to stress or pain
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what is the most numerous buffer system in our body
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Bicarbonate buffer system
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1.what percentage of water is lost by feces?
2. Sweat 3.insensible loss via skin and lungs 4. Urine |
1.100 ml-4% 40% insensible 60% sensible
2. 8% 3. 28% 4.60% |
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Where is atrial natriuretic factor released and in respone to waht
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It is released in the Right Atrium in response to bp
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What percentage of your body weight is water?
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40Liters/60% , intercellular fluid 25L/40%, Interstitial fluid is 12 Liters 80%, Etracellular fluid 15Liters/20%
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Know how Co2 effects ph
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Co2 dissolves in water and forms h2C03 a weak acid thereby lowering the ph and making more acidic
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ECF Composition
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All similar
Major cation: Na+ Major anion: Cl– Except: higher protein, lower Cl– content of plasma |
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ICF composition
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Low Na+ and Cl–
Major cation: K+ Major anion HPO42– More soluble proteins than in plasma |
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how can you alter the amount of sodium reabsorption of the kidneys?
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aldosterone
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what would happen if the sodium bicarbonate/carbon acid ration was altered
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20:1 norm 30:1 base 10:1 acidoses
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what is iatriogenic?
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medically induced imbalance in the body that gets overly corrected
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normal ph of body fluids:
Arterial blood, Venous blood, IF fluid ICF |
Arterial blood: pH 7.4
Venous blood and IF fluid: pH 7.35 ICF: pH 7.0 |
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What can diabetes mellitus cause?
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glucose in the urine, glycosuria,
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What is diabetes Mellitus?
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High blood sugar because the pacrease does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond to insulin that is produced.
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Total body weight is how much of water:
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40 liters
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What is addison's disease?
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insufficient aldosterone release, endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce steroids
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What keeps intra and extra cellular electrolyte concentrations
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Active Transport
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what are buffer systems and what do they do for us?
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They maintain ph
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Most numerous buffer system
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protein
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Inorgan buffer system
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bicarbonate buffer system
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what is cushing's disease?
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increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary (secondary hypercorticism
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