A And P Ch 8

Front 1

articulations?
what do they do?

Back 1

joints; bind parts of the skeletal system, make possible bone growth

Front 2

how are joints classified?

Back 2

rom

Front 3

immoveable/synarthrotic joints/ fibrous? ex

Back 3

these are in close contact with one another and are held in place by though fibrous connective tissue; sutures of the skull

Front 4

slightly moveable or amphiarthrotic joints cartilaginous? ex

Back 4

these area connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage; ribs to sternum, int. disc, symphysis pubis

Front 5

freely moveable or diarthrotic or synovial joints? ex

Back 5

these have the widest range of motion and are more complex that nthe others; knee, hip, and fingers

Front 6

arthro?

Back 6

joint

Front 7

what are joints?

Back 7

junctions between bones of the skeletal system, where bones meet, a joint or articulation forms

Front 8

general structure of a synovial joint pt. 1 and 2

Back 8

the ends of the bones in these joints are covered with articular cartilage. This is resistant to wear and tear and also reduces friction between the bones.; The bones are held together by a tubular joint capsule.

Front 9

pt. 3

Back 9

Ligaments re-enforce the joint capsule and help bind the articular bones together.

Front 10

pt 4

Back 10

the inner lining of the joint capsule is made of loose connective tissue called the synovial membrane. This covers all surfaces w/i the joint capsule except the articular cartilage. This membrane has 4 funcions:

Front 11

The membrane's 4 funcions:

Back 11

It secretes synovial fluid which lubricates and reduces friction. It stores fat THat forms fatty pads w/i the joints. It reabsorbs fluid. It supplies nutrients to the cartilage.

Front 12

pt 5

Back 12

some synovial joints have fibrocartialge discs b/w the articular surfaces. These are called menisci. They help cushion the articulating surfaces and also, help distribute weight across the surfaces.

Front 13

pt. 6

Back 13

some freely moveable joints also have fluid-filled saxs called bursae. They help tendons glide easily over bony parts. (bursitis)

Front 14

what is the fibrocartilage discs between the articular surfaces?

Back 14

menisci

Front 15

what are the six types of freely moveable joints?

Back 15

b/s; condyloid; gliding; hinge; pivot; saddle

Front 16

b and s joint? ex

Back 16

allows for the widest range of motions, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction, flextion and extention; hip and shoulder

Front 17

condyloid? ex

Back 17

variety of movements in diff. planes, no rotation; b/w metacarpals and phalanges

Front 18

gliding? ex

Back 18

sliding or twisting; wrist

Front 19

hinge? ex

Back 19

allows movement in one plane only, flextion and extension; elbow and kneee

Front 20

pivot? ex

Back 20

rotation; head on atlas, radius and ulna at proximal end

Front 21

saddle? ex

Back 21

variety of movements, mainly in two planes; carpal and metacarpal of thumb

Front 22

type of joint, articulation points, and rom of shoulder joint

Back 22

b and s; head of the humerus w the glenoid cavity of the scapula; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction

Front 23

type of joint, articulation points, and rom of elbow

Back 23

hinge; trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; flextion and extention

Front 24

type of joint, articulation points, and rom of hip

Back 24

b and s; head of the femur and the acetabulum of the coxal bone; felx, exten, ab, add, rota, and circum

Front 25

type of joint, articulation points, and rom of knee

Back 25

hinge; medial and lateral condyles of the femur w the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia, there isa lso articualtion w the patella; flex, and exten

Front 26

what is the largest and most complex joint of the human body?

Back 26

knee

Front 27

dislocation?

Back 27

displacement of the articulating bones of a joint

Front 28

sprain?

Back 28

the result of overstretching or tearing connective tissue, ligaments and or tendons associated w a joint

Front 29

bursitis? ex

Back 29

inflammation of bursa caused by overuse of misuse of a joint (tennis elbow, trigger finger)

Front 30

arthritis?

Back 30

dixease that causes painful, inflammed and swollen joints

Front 31

what are the two types of arthritis?

Back 31

rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

Front 32

rheumatoid?

Back 32

more painful, crippling and is not associated w age

Front 33

osteoarthritis?

Back 33

more common, degenerative disease, most likely to affext joints most used. other factors: injury, obesity or metabolic disorders

Front 34

benign joint hypermobility syndrome?

Back 34

range of morion much greater then normal

Front 35

the gross anatomy of a synovial joint?

Back 35

ligaments and joint capsule, menisci, bersae, syn. membrane, syn. fluid

Front 36

ligaments and j. capsule?

Back 36

dense and tough, poor healer

Front 37

menisci?

Back 37

distribute weight across articulating surface

Front 38

bersae?

Back 38

flid filled pouches-allows muscles and tendons to move easily across bony projections

Front 39

sunovial membrane?

Back 39

covers everything except articular cartilage. secretes and absorbs

Front 40

synovial fluid?

Back 40

to lubricate, also stored fat deposits to make protective pads (adipose) and supplies nutrients to joint

Front 41

suture?

Back 41

between flat bones of skull, where the broad margins of adjacent bones grow together and unite by a thin layer of dense connective tissue (fontanels)

Front 42

gout?

Back 42

inablity to metabolize certain proteins, extreme pain and swelling of a large joint

Front 43

lyme arthritis?

Back 43

bacterial infection passed in a tick bite

Front 44

ankylosis?

Back 44

abmormal stiffness of a joint or fusion of bones at a joint, often due to damage of the joint membranes from chronic rheumatoid arthritis

Front 45

luxation?

Back 45

dislocation of a joint

Front 46

insertion?

Back 46

moveable end of muscle

Front 47

origin?

Back 47

immovable end of muscle

Front 48

what does indertion and origin make together?

Back 48

movement

Front 49

flextion? ex

Back 49

bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together; bicep curls and bending lower limb at knee

Front 50

extention? ex

Back 50

straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farher apart; sraightening the lower limb at the knee and

Front 51

hyperextension? ex

Back 51

excess ectension of the parts at a joint, beyound the anatomical postion; bending the head back beyond the upright position to look up

Front 52

dorsiflextion? ex

Back 52

bending the foot at the ankle toward ths shin; bengin the foot upward like to play piano

Front 53

plantar flextion? ex

Back 53

bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole; bending the foot downward like a ballerina

Front 54

abduction? ex

Back 54

moving a part away from the midline; lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle w the side of the body and leg lift

Front 55

adduction? ex

Back 55

moving a part toward the midline; returning the upper limb from the horizontal postion to the side of the body

Front 56

rotation? ex

Back 56

moving a part around an axis; twisting head from side to side

Front 57

circumduction?ex

Back 57

moving a part so that its end follows a circular path; moving the finger in a circ. motion without moving the hand

Front 58

supination? ex

Back 58

turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly; in anatomical postion

Front 59

pronation? ex

Back 59

turning the hand so the palm is down or facing prosteriorly; in ana. postion

Front 60

eversion? ex

Back 60

turning the foot so the sole faces laterally; walking on big toe of shoe

Front 61

inversion? ex

Back 61

turning the foot so the sole faces medially; walking on little toe side of shoe

Front 62

protraction? ex

Back 62

moving a part forward; thrusting chin forward

Front 63

retraction? ex

Back 63

moving a part backward; pulling chin backward

Front 64

elevation? es

Back 64

raising a part; shrugging shoulders

Front 65

depression? ex

Back 65

lowering a part; drooping shoulders