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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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histology |
microscopic study of tissues |
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tissue |
group of similar cells (in an extracellular matrix) that performs a common function |
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A _______ is composed of multiple tissue types |
organ |
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How many kinds of tissue are there? |
4 |
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What are the 4 types of tissue? |
1. Epithelial 2. connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
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What are the functions of epithelial tissue? |
covers body/organ surfaces (skin) lines body cavities and insides of hollow organs forms (exocrine) glands |
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What are the functions of connective tissue? |
binds, supports, and protects other tissues and organs |
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What are the functions of muscle tissue? |
moves body (skeletal) moves organ walls |
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What are the functions of nervous tissue? |
Controls activities processes information |
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Cellularity |
composed mostly of cells |
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What is avascularity? |
without blood vessels |
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What is high regenerative capacity? |
going through mitosis frequently and rapidly |
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What are the different cell shapes of epithelium? |
squamous cubiodal columnar |
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What is simple squamous epithelia? |
one layer of flattened cells |
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Examples in the body of simple squamous epithelia |
air sacs of lungs (alveoli) lumen of blood vessels (endothelium) |
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What is simple cuboidal epithelia? |
single layer of cells about as tall as they are wide cells are typically rounded |
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Examples in the body of simple cuboidal epithelia |
lines tubules of kidneys ducts of most glands |
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What is simple columnar epithelia? |
single layer of tall cells |
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what are goblet cells? |
they secrete mucus for lubrication |
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Examples in the body of simple columnar epithelia |
lines most of GI tract |
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What is pseudostratified columnar epithelia |
cells are columnar, but irregularly shaped all cells attach to the basement membrane some have cilia |
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Examples in the body of pseudostratified columnar epithelia |
lines upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, portion of pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi) |
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What is stratified squamous epithelia? |
superficial layers of cells are flattened deeper layers of cells are cuboidal |
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What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelia? |
keratinized non-keratinized |
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What is keratinized stratified squamous epithelia? |
contains keratin most superficial layers consist of dead cells |
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Examples in the body of keratinized stratified squamous epithelia |
epidermis of skin |
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What is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia? |
most superficial layers are kept alive and moise |
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Examples in the body of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia |
oral cavity portion of pharynx vagina |
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What is transitional epithelium? |
it offers protection withstands stretching |
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Examples in the body of transitional epithelia |
urinary tract (bladder, ureters, part of the urethra) |
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Exocrine glands are formed from _________ tissue |
epithelial |
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Function of exocrine glands |
secrete their materials onto a free surface |
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example of a unicellular exocrine gland |
goblet cell |
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3 types of multicellular glands |
merocrine apocrine holocrine |
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What is a merocrine gland? |
secretion passes from cell the cell remains intact |
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examples in the body of merocrine gland |
salivary glands lacrimal glands most sweat glands |
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What is an apocrine gland? |
top part of the cell is pinched off and becomes the secretion cell repairs itself and remains function |
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examples in the body of apocrin glands |
mammary glands axillary swear glands pubic sweat glands |
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what is a holocrine gland? |
cells rupture and die to become the secretion |
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examples in the body of a holocrine gland |
sebaceous gland |
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Is connective tissue vascular or avascular? |
vascular |
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What 3 things does connective tissue consist of? |
cells protein fibers ground substance |
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Two main types of connective tissue |
Loose dense |
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Two types of loose connective tissue |
Areolar adipose |
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What is areolar connective tissue? |
loose arrangement of fibers look like aeroplane tracks |
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What is the function of aerolar connective tissue? |
binds and packs around organs |
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What is adipose tissue? |
contains a large number of fat cells |
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What are the fat cells in adipose connective tissue called? |
adipocytes |
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What is the function of adipose connective tissue? |
Protection stores fat insulation |
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What are the two types of dense connective tissue? |
Regular Irregular |
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What is Dense Regular Connective tissue? |
fibers run parallel poor vasularity |
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What is the function of dense regular connective tissue? |
strength flexibility |
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What is dense irregular connective tissue? |
collagen fibers found in clumps that are interwoven and project in all directions |
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What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue? |
provides strength in all directions |
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What are chondrocytes |
mature cartilage cells |
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Where are chondrocytes located |
in the lacunae |
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Is cartilage vascular or avascular? |
avascular |
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What are the 3 types of cartilage? |
hyaline fibrocartilage elastic |
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What is hyaline cartilage? |
found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton |
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What is the function of hyaline cartilage? |
support provides smooth surface for joint movement |
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What is fibrocartilage? |
found in intervertebral disks symphysis pubis mensci |
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What is the function of fibrocartilage? |
support withstands compression |
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Where is elastic cartilage located in the body? |
external ear |
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What is the function of elastic cartilage? |
flexibility strength |
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Where are osteocytes located? |
lacunae |
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What surrounds bone? |
periosteum |
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What two kinds of bone tissue are found within each bone? |
compact spongy |
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What is compact bone? |
the outer shell of bone |
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what is spongy bone? |
the inner lattice work of bone houses hemopoietic tissue |
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What are the 3 types of muscle? |
Skeleal cardiac smooth |
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What is Skeletal muscle tissue? |
long, cylindrical cells multinucleated |
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What is cardiac muscle tissue? |
short cylindrical cells some cells are bifurcated (branching) has one or two centrally located nuclei |
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What is smooth muscle tissue? |
spindle shaped cells one centrally located nucleus |
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Tendons for muscles are formed from this tissue type: A. areolar B. dense irregular C. dense regular D. muscle E. stratified squamous epithelia |
C. Dense regular |
