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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a model?
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Models allow us to study things that are too small or too large or too far away to study first hand.
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A ______ is used to simplify a complex concept and make it easier to understand.
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model
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What did Democritus believe about atoms?
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That they could not be broken into smaller parts.
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What did Democritus' model of the atom look like?
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A solid sphere.
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What is the Law of Definite Proportion?
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1. each compound is always made of the same ratio of elements by mass
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How are elements different?
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They have their own unique atoms.
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What makes atoms different?
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The heat envelope that surrounds the atom makes it different from other atoms.
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What is a compound?
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Atoms of different elements that are combined.
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What was Thomson's discovery that disaproved Dalton's model of the atom?
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In 1895, he discovered that if you reduced the amount of gas present in a tube, the amount of electricity will increase.
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How did Thomson's discovery of electricity energy help change the model of the atom?
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1)He found negatively charged particles called electrons surrounding a positive mass.
2)the positive and negative charged particles create a neutral atom. |
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What else did he find out about the electrons?
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If the conditions are right, electrons can be removed from the atom.
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In the chocolate-chip model, what is the cookie and what is the chips?
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The cookie is the positive mass and the chips are the electrons.
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What two experiments showed that there was a large, empty space in the atom?
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1)1903 electrons passed through the atom without causing harm to the atom
2) 1908 particles 2500X large than the electon were passed through the atom without a problem |
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What does the two experiments tell us?
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The majority of the atom is empty space.
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The nucleus is ______ the size of the atom.
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1/100,000
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Protons have a charge of ___, totally opposite of the electron, but much heavier!
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+1
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Electrons move _________ around the nucleus.
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randomly
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What did Bohr's experiments indicate?
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1. each element produces a distinct set of colors, more unique than fingerprints
2. each element produces a line spectrum that is unique to that element |
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A full __________ is made up of a combination of all the colors of visible light.
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spectrum
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How do atoms produce light?
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When heated, electrons in the atom will bounce to different energy levels, producing color lights.
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How many orbitals are there in an atom?
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7 orbits
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Give the number of electrons each orbit can hold:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
2
8 18 32 32 18 8 |
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Th lower number of orbits are _____ to the nucleus and have _______ amounts of energy.
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closer to the nucleus
lower amounts of energy |
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Electrons prefer to be at the ______ energy state possible; it is also known as the ___ state.
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lowest
ground state |
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What happens to electrons when they are exposed to energy?
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They will move to a higher energy level.
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What happens to electrons when energy is removed?
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The electrons will try to move back to the ground state.
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When does the electron give off as it returns to the ground state?
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it gives off the extra energy as light
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Electrons exist in specific areas around the nucleus called __ ___ ____ (PEL).
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Principle Energy Levels
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Describe the quantum model.
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1. modern atomic model
2. orbits are replaced by orbitals 3. orbitals are fuzzy clouds 4. Heisenburg uncertainity model |
