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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Synapomorphy |
A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants. |
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Clade |
A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics. |
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Metazoa |
Animals |
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Ciliates |
Move with cilia |
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Flagellates |
Move with flagella |
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Amoeboids |
Move with pseudopods |
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Apicomplexans |
Parasites using apical complex organelle from bacterial symbionts to enter their hosts. |
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Choanoflagellates |
Use collar cell to filter food from water drawn through it by beating flagellum. |
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Phylum Porifera |
"Pore-bearers". Sponges First animals with specialized cells Inherited collar cells from ancestral collar flagellate Lack tissues and organs |
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Choanocyte |
Collar cell |
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Eumetazoa |
Comprising all major animal groups except sponges, placozoa, and several other extinct or obscure life forms. |
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Cnidaria |
"Those Who Sting" Corals, jellyfish, anemones, etc Catch prey with stinging cells: cnidocytes Two tissue layers: ectoderm forms skin, endoderm forms digestive tract. Mesoglea creates middle "jelly" layer Planted "polyp", & mobile "medusa" that swims with jet propulsion. |
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Ctenophora |
"Comb-bearers" Comb jellies Catch prey with sticky cells First animals with separate anus Two tissue layers: ectoderm forms skin, endoderm forms digestive tract. Mesoglea forms middle "jelly" layer Mobile swimmers only, using ciliated "combs" called cranes. |
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Sponge |
Water enters through pore cells and is filtered by collar cells. Water exits its body cavity through a large and visible "mouth" or osculum. Different clades have 3 different skeletons: calcareous, glass, glass plus spongin fibers. |
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Cnidarian Life Cycle |
Most cnidarians have a two phase life cycle. One phase is sessile (polyp) while the other is mobile (medusa). |
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Bilaterains |
Or tripoblasts. Are animals with bilateral symmetry. They have a head and a tail as well as a back and a front etc. |
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Protosomes |
Form their mouth first |
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Spiralia |
Have a cell division pattern of spiral cleavage. |
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Cephalization |
The concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development. |
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Mollusk |
Two-part bodies A visceral mass with internal organs atop a muscled foot or locomotion. Visceral mass is covered by shell-secreting mantle tissue, which invaginates to make a mantle cavity obtaining paired gills and anus. The esophagus passes through he donut-shaped brain. Cephalization is absent in burrowing mollusks. - bivalves and tusk shells |
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Invagination |
The action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself or form a cavity or pouch. |
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Invagination |
The action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself or form a cavity or pouch. |
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Annelid |
Segmented bodies. Look ringed because of repeated body segments - metameres - separated by a septum. Metameres have paired paranoids and kidneys (metanephridia). Each has a mini-brain (ganglion) joined by ventral nerve cords to coordinate activity. Chaetae are bristles that can be very obvious on parapod tips of marine "polychaetes". Earthworms have beard stumble-like chaetae to move in a burrow or to brace themselves if birds try to pull them out of their burrow. |
