9/22 Anatomy Tissues

Front 1

Tissues

Back 1

Muscular: movement
Epi: Covering
Nervous: Neural control
Connective: Support

Front 2

Functions of epi. tissue?

Back 2

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Forms slippery surfaces

Front 3

Features of Epihelia

Back 3

1. composed of primarily cells, and not much of extracellular space/tissue.
2. bound by cell junctions
3. polarity (apical, basal layer)
Basal layer: lies on basement membrane, serving as an anchor and barrier to underlying CT.
4. lies on layer of CT
5. Avascular, thus receiving nutrition from CT.
6. Has a nerve supply.
7. Regenerative

Front 4

Cell junctions

Back 4

1. Tight junctionss
2. Adherens
3. Desmosome
4. Gap junction

Front 5

Classifications of epithelia

Back 5

First name: by cell layer
Simple or stratified

Last name: cell shape
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Front 6

What determines the name of epithelium?

Back 6

Determined by the top cell shape layer.

NOTE: Pay attn to the L shaped pseudocolumnar cell. Because it looks like a stratified layer, it is called pseudostratified.

Front 7

What is the function of the ONE LAYER squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional epithelium?

Back 7

Squamous: diffusion and filtration.

Cuboidal: secretion and absorption, ciliated types propel mucus.

Columnar: same as cuboidal

Front 8

More than one layer?

Back 8

Mainly protection function is added.

Transitional epi: accomodate distension of urinary structures.

Front 9

Endocrine vs. exocrine glands

Back 9

Endocrine: ductless. secrete hormones.

Exocrine: not ductless. secrete products onto body or into body cavities.

Front 10

Goblet cell

Back 10

A unicellular exocrine gland.

Ex. Intestinal and resp. epithelium.

Front 11

Multicellular exocrine glands

Back 11

Named by:

1. Structure of duct:
Simple or Compound
2. Categorized by secretory unit.
Tubular or Alveolar or Tubuloalveolar.

Front 12

Siimple vs. Compound

Back 12

Simple: no branching into DIFFERENT types. Thus you can have branching tubular, or branching alveolar.

Front 13

Connections btw cells:

Back 13

1. adhesion proteins
2. membrane contours
3. cell junctions (tight, adherens, desmosomes, gap)

Front 14

Role of tight junction

Back 14

1. prevent molecules from passing between cells.
2. common in stomach, urinary, and intestine.
3. adherens junctions and transmembrane protein reinforce tight junctions.

Front 15

Desmosomes

Back 15

desmos= bind
soma= body

1. binds cells to each other. Primary junctions.
2. connects cytoskeletons
3. found in epidermis, heart, intestine, and tissues subjected to high force/stress.

Front 16

Gap junctions

Back 16

1. has CONNEXONS (channels composing of proteins). Fluid filled channels btw cells.

2. allow passage of small molecules.
3. allow passage of electrical impulses.

Front 17

Order of layers from top to bottom:

Back 17

Epidermis--> dermis--> hypodermis--> deep fascia--> muscle

Front 18

Epidermis

Back 18

A lymphatic immune organ.

Consisted of:
Keratinocytes: make keratin
Melanocytes: make melanin
Merkel cell: touch receptor
Langerhans cells: lymphatic cell.

Front 19

Dermis

Back 19

Flexible dense irreg CT
Richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

Front 20

Hypodermis

Back 20

Loose CT
Superficial fascia
Adipose and areolar tissues
Loosely anchors dermis
Stores fat and insulates

Front 21

Sebaceous glands

Back 21

1. Oil producing
2. Simple alveolar
3. Holocrine gland: entire cell disintegrates after secreting product.
4. Lubrication, kills bacteria

Front 22

What are two sweat glands?

Back 22

Eccrine

Apocrine

Front 23

Eccrine glands

Back 23

True sweat glands. (feet, hands, etc..)

Front 24

Apocrine glands

Back 24

Axilla, anal, genital areas.

Membrane buds off cell