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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The hip is able to ____ rotate more than ____ rotate.
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externally (better); internally (worse)
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The GREATER trochanter striking ____ limits abduction.
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ILEUM
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The SI (sacroiliac) is a ___ (size?) joint with ____ mobility (usually __º).
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SMALL; little; 4º
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Mobility of the SI joint increases for _______, and often causes LOW BACK PAIN!
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pregnant women
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The SI joint fuses in __th decade for men, __th decade for women.
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4th-men; 5th-women
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The SI joint has significant ligamentous support ______.
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posteriorly-more support
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There are 3 gluteal lines on the ileum: ____, ____, & ____.
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anterior posterior, and inferior (posterior near top)
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The gluteus minimus arises between _______ lines.
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anterior & inferior gluteal lines (hint: MINIMUM-inferior)
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The gluteus medius arises between _______ lines.
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anterior & posterior gluteal lines
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The gluteus maximus arises from ______.
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ilium-POSTERIOR to POSTERIOR gluteal line
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The hamstring muscles arise from the ___.
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ischial tuberosity
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You sit primarily on your ____.
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ischial tuberosity
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The ______ is also called "the ______ of the gluteal region"
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Greater Sciatic Foramen; Gibralter
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The GREATER sciatic foramen allows for structures to leave ____ & enter _____.
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pelvis; gluteal region
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The LESSER sciatic foramen allows for some structures to leave ____ & enter _____.
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gluteal region; perineum
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Various ______ (what muscle action?) stem from ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY.
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Lateral Rotators
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What lateral rotator stems from ischial spine?
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Gemellus (superior); (hint: superior--spine)
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The ___ & ____ ligaments run at 90º angles to one another.
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sacrotuberous & sacrospinous
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The _____ has a tendon over the acetabulum.
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rectus femoris
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The rectus femoris has 2 heads/tendons: ____ & _____.
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reflected & straight
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The quadratus femoris runs from _____ to _____.
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ischial tuberosity intertrochanteric crest (quadrate tubercle of i.c.)
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The quadratus femoras acts as a ______ rotator of the thigh.
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lateral
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The ______ is the largest muscle in the body.
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gluteus maximus
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The gluteus maximus has a _____ configuration.
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downward, medial to lateral
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The glut. max. arises from ____, ____, ___, and deeply from ______.
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posterior to posterior gluteal line, sacrum, coccyx
deep from sacrotuberous lig. |
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1/4 of the gluteus maximus inserts into ________.
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femur on 3rd trochanter
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3/4 of the gluteus maximus inserts into _____.
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IT tract
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The Tensor Fascia Lata attaches to the _________.
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IT tract
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The IT tract is a thickening of ________.
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fascia lata
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THe superior gluteal nerve innervates ______, ____, & ____.
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gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, & tensor fascia lata
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The gluteus maximus is innervated by ______.
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inferior gluteal nerve
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The 1º function of the glut. maximus is short _______.
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burst of extension in thigh
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Patients with an injured gluteus maximus have a hard time _________.
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standing from a seated position
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Another action of gluteus maximus (besides short bursts of thigh exten.) is:
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lateral (external) rotation of hip
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The tensor fascia lata's role is as an _____ rotator.
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internal.
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The tensor fascia lata pulls the IT band _______.
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anteriorly
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The tensor fascia lata's 1º role is to assist ___ & ___ in HIP FLEXION.
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iliopsoas & rectus femoris
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Gerdy's tubercle is where IT band attaches to _______.
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tibia
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The gluteus medius originates b/tw ____ & _____.
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anterior & posterior gluteal lines & above anterior glut. line
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The gluteus MEDIUS runs all the way up the _______.
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iliac crest
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Gluteus MEDIUS inserts into ______, making it a good ________.
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greater trochanter (just lateral to greater trochanter); good ABDUctor
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The gluteus MINIMUS arises from _______ & attaches to ______.
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b/tw anterior & inferior gluteal lines; GREATER trochanter
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The gluteus MINIMUS attaches ________ (more or less anteriorly than MEDIUS?).
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greater trochanter; more anterior (less lateral)
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The gluteus MINIMUS ASSISTS in _____ (what action?).
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abduction
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The gluteus MINIMUS' 1º responsibility is ______ rotation of hip.
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INTERNAL
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What muscle should you hit doing a gluteal injection?
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gluteus MEDIUS
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The piriformis arises from _______.
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anterior sacrum (usually 2nd-4th antevertebral foramena)
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The piriformis' action is _____ rotator of hip.
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LATERAL
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Deep to gluteus maximus & medius are the _____ rotators.
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lateral
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The LATERAL ROTATORS of hip are the ____, 2_____, 2____, & ____.
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piriformis; obturators; gemellus; quadratus femoris
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The piriformis fills the majority of the diameter of the _________.
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greater sciatic foramen
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The superior gemellus arises from __________.
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ischial spine
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The obturator internus arises ______.
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inferior to ischial spine
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The obturator INTERNUS takes a 90º turn & attaches into _____.
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greater trochanter
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THe inferior gemellus arises from _____.
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ischial tuberosity
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The quadratus femoris arises from ______.
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ischial tuberosity
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The quadratus femoris runs ______ & attaches to _____.
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LATERALLY; quadrate tubercle (on intertrochanteric crest)
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The TRICEPS COXAE is made of the _____, ____, and ____ muscles.
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superior & inferior gemella muscles; obturator internis
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The triceps coxae attach to _______.
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medial aspect of GREATER TROCHANTER
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The Obturator EXTERNUS leaves the ______ aspect of pelvis & runs 'deep to' ____.
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EXTERNAL; quadratus femorus
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After running deep/anterior to quad. femoris, obturator EXTERNIS attaches to: ____
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intertrochanteric fossa (medial to greater trochanter
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The obturator INTERNUS is covered by _____.
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tendinous arc of the levator ani
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The obturator INTERNUS leaves ____ to ischial spine & takes a 90º turn.
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INFERIOR
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The ___, ___, & ___ attach into medial aspect of greater trochanter.
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triceps coxae (ob. internus, 2 gemelli muscles)
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Viscera or fat can herniate above and below piriformis in ______.
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supra & infrapiriform foramen
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The obturator internus has a small _____ deep to the bend over the bone (ishium).
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bursa
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The cluneal nerves are important _____ nerves of posterior gluteal region.
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SENSORY
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The SUPERIOR cluneal nerve arises from ___ rami of ___.
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DORSAL RAMI of L1-L3 spinal nerves
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The MIDDLE cluneal nerve arises from ___ rami of ___.
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DORSAL RAMI of S1-S3 spinal nerves
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The INFERIOR cluneal nerve arises from ___ rami of ___.
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VENTRAL RAMI of S1-S3
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The INFERIOR cluneal nerve actually comes from branch of sacral plexus called ____.
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posterior cutaneous femoral nerve
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The ___ nerve is the largest nerve in the body.
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SCIATIC
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The sciatic is the main component of the _____ plexus.
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sacral
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Sciatic nerve leaves sacral plexus and passes ____ to piriformis.
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Deep as well as INFERIOR
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The sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region by crossing over _________.
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LATERAL ROTATORS such as Quadratus Femoris
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The sciatic nerve runs ____ to gluteus maximus & 1/2 between ____ & _____.
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ANTERIOR; ischial tuberosity & greater trochanter
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The sciatic runs down posterior thigh ____ to hamstring muscles.
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deep
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The sciatic nerve is 2 nerves encapsulated commmon fascia: _____ & _____
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tibial nerve & common fibular (peroneal) nerve
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The 2 nerves of the sciatic usually split ____ (where?).
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posterior knee
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The _____ is the larger component of the sciatic. It runs _______.
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tibial; MEDIAL
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An injury to the sciatic would cause significant damage in _______.
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ambulation
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__________ could kill sciatic nerve if injected in wrong gluteal area.
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Penicillin (neurotoxin)
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Just inferior to the iliac crest is the _____ muscle.
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gluteus MEDIUS
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The sciatic nerve exits the _____ foramen just ____ to piriformis.
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greater sciatic; inferior
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In 12% of people, sciatic splits near piriformis & ____ then PIERCES the piri.
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common peroneal
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In 0.5% of people, sciatic splits early & common peroneal runs ____ to piri.
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SUPERIOR
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In peple w/early splitting sciatic, ____ is a possibility. What is relief?
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entrapment of common peroneal nerve; cutting the piriformis to relieve presure
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The superior gluteal nerve is located ______ to piriformis.
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SUPERIOR
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The superior gluteal nerve innervates the ___, ___, & ____.
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tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius & minimus
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The inferior gluteal nerve is located ______ to piriformis.
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INFERIOR
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The inferior gluteal nerve innervates the ___.
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gluteus maximus
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The _____ & _____ innervates the quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus.
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nerve to the quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus.
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The quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus are ______ rotators.
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lateral
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The ______ innervates the obturator internus & superior gemellus.
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nerve to obturator internus
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Which is more medial? n. to obturator internus or n. to quad. femoris & inf. gemellus
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nerve to obturator internus
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The _____ nerve is even more medial than the nerves to triceps coxae.
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pudendal
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The pudendal nerve gives off ____ & ____ branches.
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inferior rectal; perineal
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After giving off inf. rectal & perineal branches, the pudendal continues as ______.
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dorsal nerve of penis
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The posterior cutaneous femoral nerve gives off ____ & branches to ______.
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inferior cluneal nerve; branches to perineum
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Why might someone have tingling/tightness in skin of genitalia after sitting?
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After sitting long time ,the perineal branch of the post. cutaneus may be compressed against ischial tuberosity.
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Injury to inferior gluteal nerve may cause ______.
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difficulty getting out of chair or climbing stairs (these motions EXTEND HIP)
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Injury to superior gluteal nerve may cause ______.
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excessive pelvic tilt during swing phase (of walking) on opposite side
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Trendelenburg sign is when pelvis tilts downward on ___ (injured/not injured) side.
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not injured
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Injury to superior gluteal nerves may also prevent ____.
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you from standing on one foot & maintaining horizontal balance of pelvis
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The 3 arteries of the glut. region that arise from the internal iliac are ______.
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superior & inferior gluteal; internal pudendall
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___ artery contributes to anastomoses of thigh (w/ perforating & circumflex aa)
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Inferior gluteal artery
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The inferior gluteal artery supplies the largest branch to the ____________.
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sciatic nerve (called arteria nervi sciatica)
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The true hamstring muscles arise from the ______, cross 2 joints (hip & knee) & attach to ________.
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ischial tuberosity; tibia or fibula
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The hamstrings ________ the thigh & _____ the legs.
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extend; flexes
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True hamstrings are innervated by the _______ nerve.
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tibial
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The biceps femoris arises from 2 heads & inserts _____.
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proximal portion of the tibia & fibula.
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The long head of the biceps femoris arises from _______.
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tuberosity
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The short head of the biceps femoris arises from ______.
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posterior femur
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What joints does the short head cross?
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ONLY KNEE
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The ________ innervates short head of biceps femoris.
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common peroneal branch of sciatic
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The semi_____ contributes to pes anserine.
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tendinosus
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The semimembranosis reinforces Posterior Knee w/ ______.
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oblique popliteal ligament
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The addutor magnus is almost a true hamstring b/c _____ & _____.
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arises from ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY; has a component innervated by TIBIAL NERVE
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Adductor magunus isn't really hamstring because _____.
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it doesn't cross the knee joint (can't flex leg)
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The adductor hiatis is formed by the tendon of ____.
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adductor magnus
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The _______ is a diamond shaped area on posterior aspect of leg.
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popliteal fossa
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Borders of popliteal fossa: medial:______ lateral:_____ inferior:____
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M-semimembranosus & tendinosus; L-biceps femoris tendon; I-heads of gastrocnem
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2 branches of sciatic nerve found in popliteal region: ___ &_____
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common fibular (peroneal) nerve; tibial nerve
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What is the order of contents (POST. to ANT.) in popliteal fossa?
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P-->A: NERVES of the sciatic; Popliteal VEIN; Popliteal ARTERY
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The popliteal artery is a common place to find _________.
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an aneurysm
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The semitendinosus & membranosus muscles _______ rotate the leg.
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internally
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The biceps femoris _______ rotates the leg.
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laterally (attaches laterally)
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The plantaris & popliteus arise from _____ & are innervated by ______.
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lateral, distal aspect of femur; tibial component of sciatic
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The plantaris' tendon is often used for ______. Why?
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tendon transplant--it is super long
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The popliteus is first mus. to contract when ___ knee from fully extended position.
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flexing
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The popliteus _____ the knee so that the hamstrings can take over flexing.
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unlocks
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The _____ & _____ are the only 2 muscles to pierce a joint capsule.
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popliteus & long head of biceps brachi
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The 2 thickenings in the posterior knee are ___ & ___.
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oblique popliteal ligament (of Winslow);
arcuate popliteal ligament |
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The popliteus becomes deep to _____ before entering the knee joint.
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arcuate popliteal ligament
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There are ____ genicular branches of the POPLITEAL artery. What?
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superior medial & lateral geniculars; inferior medial & lateral geniculars; middle genicular
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The middle genicular a. comes off popliteal _____ & then does what?
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anteriorly & perpindicular; enters joint capsule & supplies cruciate ligaments
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The popliteal aretery leaves the fossa & splits into ____ & _____.
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anterior & posterior tibial branches
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The anterior tibial branch of popliteal aretery goes through _______ to where?
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interosseus membrane; anterior part of leg
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What forms genicular anastomosis around the knee?
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5 gen. aa branches; desc. gen branch of fem. a; desc. gen. branch of lat.fem.cut. a; ant. recurrent branch of ant. tibial a.
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The descending genicular branch of the femoral artery branches from _______. When?
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femoral artery BEFORE passing through adductor hiatus
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Descending genicular branch of the lateral fem. cutaneous a also called ___.
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descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
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The 5 genicular arteries are supported & reinforced by _________.
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recurrent branch of anterior tibial artery
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The small saphenous vein lies on _____ surface of leg & usually drains into ______.
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posterior; popliteal vein
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The small saphenous vein is homologous to the ______
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basilic vein
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A veces the small saphenous v. will travel more superiorly & drain into ____.
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inferior gluteal vein
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