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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 factors influence ventilation
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hering-breur reflex - cortical input - chemical influences
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hering-breur reflex are ____ receptors located in ____
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stretch - lungs
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hering-breur reflex causes ____ of ____ center
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inhibition - inspiratory
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hering-breur reflex prevents ____-____ of lungs
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over-inflation
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cortical input is from ____ & allows some ____ control of breathing
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cerebrum - voluntary
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6 chemical influences of ventilation
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chemoreceptors - CO₂ & H+ ion levels - O₂ levels - pH - exercise - altitude changes
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3 ions that influence ventilation
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CO₂ - O₂ - H+ ions
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CO₂, O₂, & H+ ion concentrations can affect ____
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ventilation
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chemoreceptors in ____ ____ & ____ ____ send input to ____ centers
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aortic arch - carotid bodies - respiratory
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aortic bodies are located in
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aortic arch
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carotid bodies are located in
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at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries
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changes in CO₂ & H+ ion levels is picked up by ____ areas in ____
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chemosensitive - medulla
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in chemical influences of ventilation, increase in CO₂ & H+ ion levels in blood →
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pH in CSF drops (i.e. H+ ions increases)
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in chemical influences of ventilation, pH in CSF drops (i.e. H+ ions increases) →
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chemoreceptors act on medullary respiratory centers
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in chemical influences of ventilation, chemoreceptors act on medullary respiratory centers →
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send impulses to respiratory muscles
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in chemical influences of ventilation, send impulses to respiratory muscles →
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increased ventilation
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in chemical influences of ventilation, increased ventilation →
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more CO₂ eliminated from blood
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in chemical influences of ventilation, more CO₂ eliminated from blood →
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H+ levels consequently drop (increase in blood pH)
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small changes in H+ levels in the CSF can drastically affect the ____
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medulla
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drop of O₂ levels are detected by ____ & ____ ____
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aortic - carotid bodies
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drop of O₂ levels causes __creased ____
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increased - ventilation
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as pH levels fall, it gets picked up by ____ ____-receptors
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peripheral chemoreceptors
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falling pH levels cause __creased ____
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increased - ventilation
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the purpose of increasing ventilation is for …
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elimination of CO₂
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in influences of ventilation, exercise is not related to ____ ____ or shortage of ____
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partial pressure - O₂
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influences of ventilation during exercise may be caused by input from ____ or ____
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proprioceptors or cerebrum
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higher altitude changes = lower ____ ____ of ____
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partial pressure - gas
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ventilation __creases with ____ (higher/lower) altitude
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increases - higher
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at higher altitudes, oxygen is released to ____ more ____
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tissue - readily
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