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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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__________ nerve is the major nerve of the perineal structures.
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PUDENAL
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Borders of pelvic outlet:
________-anterior; ____-posterior; _______-lateral & ___________. |
pubic symphysis; coccyx & inferior part of sacrum; ischial tuberosities; inferior part of ischial ramus.
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The perineum is separated supriorly by the ___________.
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pelvic diaphragm
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The floor of the pelvis is made up of ______ & ________.
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coccygeal & levator ani muscles
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The pudenal nerves are protected by the ________ posteriorly.
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sacrotuberous ligaments
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An imaginary line across the __________ divides the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle.
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ischial tuberosities (laterally)
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The urogenital triangle contains the ____________.
The rectal triangle contains the ____________. |
external genitalia;urethra; perineal membrane
rectum; orifice of anus; ischioanal fossa; external anal sphincter |
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The ischioanal fossa is important in _______ and provides ________ during childbirth.
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serious infections;
fat and support for structures |
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A tear in the perineal body (i.e. during childbirth) is called ______________.
Nowadays they're sometimes done _________ on purpose. |
episiotomy;
laterally (so they don't damage the central structures). |
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During childbirth, the urethra is pressed against the ______ & the _______ is pushed posteriorly.
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anteriorly;
anal orifice |
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The problem with episiotomies is that they ___________.
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weaken the support of the pelvic structure and may cause prolapse later on.
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Females/Males:
labia majora:________ glans of penis:_______ |
scrotal sac;
glans of clitoris |
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Females/Males:
body of clitoris:_______ forskin of clitoris:_______ |
shaft/body of penis;
foreskin (prepuse) of penis |
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Superficial perineal pouch of female contents: _______, _____, ________, _____
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labia majora; labia minor; clitoris (& associated structures); openings of vagina & urethra
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Superficial perineal pouch of MALE contents: _______, _____, ________, _____, _____, _______
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penis; scrotal sac; crus of penis; bulb of penis; glans penis; perineal body
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The crus of the penis is the attached part of the ____________. It is covered in ________.
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corpus cavernosum;
muscle |
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The bulb of the penis is the attached part of the ____________.
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corpus spongiosum
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The PERINEAL BODY is important in muscle attachment that reinforces the ______________.
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urogenital triangle
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Layers of superficial perineal pouch:
______, then _________. |
fatty layer; superficial perineal fascia (COLLE'S FASCIA)
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Colle's fascia is continuous with ____________ laterally as you extend around anterior abdominal wall.
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Scarpa's fascia
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Urethra parts:
passes externally:_______ passes through deep perineal pouch:________ passes through prostate: ___ |
SPONGY URETHRA;
MEMBRANOUS URETHRA; PROSTETIC URETHRA |
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The deep perineal pouch is _________(larger or smaller) than the superficial perineal pouch.
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smaller
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The deep perineal pouch contains the _____, _____, _____
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membranous urethra, bulbourethral gland, external urethral sphincter
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The ________ muscle is lateral to the deep perineal pouch.
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DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
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In a radical prostatectomy, the MD must be careful to spare the _______. Why?
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external urethral sphincter;
prevent incontinence |
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The superficial perineal pouch contains the _____, _____, ______, & _______
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SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE; COLLE'S FASCIA (deep membranous fascia of Sup per. pouch); ISHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE; BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE
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The __________ muscle covers the crus of the corpus cavernosum.
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ishiocavernosus muscle
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The bulbospongiosus muscle covers the ______ in males.
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bulb of the penis
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The bulbospongiousus muscle crosses to the other side in _____ (males or females). Why does this matter?
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Males--reinforces their function (one of which is impeding blood flow out of the penis to maintain an erection).
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Deep to membranous portion of superficial pouch is ______ membrane.
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perineal
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The perineal membrane is the inferior border of the ___________. Very tough & fibrous
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deep perineal pouch.
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The posterior border of the deep perineal pouch is in line with (deep to) the ________.
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superficial transverse perineal muscles
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The subcutaneous structures of the labia majora are made up of the ____________.
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superficial perineal pouch
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Extravasation of urine can cause urine to be found in the ______, ____, ____, & ______.
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scrotum, superficial perineal pouch, penis itself, anterior abdominal wall
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The _____________ separates the superficial pouch from the deep perineal pouch.
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perineal membrane
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The bulb & glans of the penis are made of ______.
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corpus spongeosum
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Thte lateral part of the penis is _________. The most posterior part is called ______ (of the penis).
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corpus cavernosum;
crus |
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The erectile bodies of the male include the ______, _______, ______, ______. These also anchor the penis internally!
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bulb; glans penis; lateral part-crus (corpus cavernosum).
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The erectile bodies of the female include the ____, ___, ____, ___, ___.
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glans of clitoris; crus of clitoris; bulb of vestibule (corpus spongiosum); superficial pouch; greater vestibular gland (Bartholian's gland)
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Bartholian;s gland (a.k.a. greater vestibular gland) commonly becomes _____.
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infected--drainage or removal is required.
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The bulbourethral glands are located __________________.
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in the deep transverse perineal muscle
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The deep arteries of the penis are located in the __________.
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corpus cavernosum
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The corpus spongiosum surrounds the _________, and is in turn surrounded by ____________.
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spongy urethra;
Buck's fascia (deep investing fascia) |
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Deep perineal pouch also called _______________.
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Urogenital diaphragam
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The perineal artery divides into ______ (superficially) & _____ (deeply) as it courses superiorly.
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posterior scrotal/labial;
dorsal artery of penis/clit. |
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Female bulbourethral glands called ___________.
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Cowper's glands
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The pudendal nerve is __________ and made of VENTRAL ANTERIOR RAMI of __-__.
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SOMATIC (sensory);
S2-S4 |
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The pudendal nn join together and run out of ________. They then run deep to ______ & enter ___.
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greater sciatic foramen;
sacrospinous ligament; lesser sciatic foramen. |
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In the lesser sciatic foramen, the pudendal nerve gives off ________ & continues into _______.
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inferior rectal nerves;
pudendal canal |
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The pudendal nerve allows for sensory for the ___________.
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external genitalia
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THe ________ & _______ separete the greater and lesser sciatic foramen.
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sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligament
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THe internal pudendal aretry is a branch of the ____________.
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internal iliac
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_____, _____, _____, & _____ pass through the pudendal canal.
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internal pudendal a., internal pudendal n., pudendal vein, nerve to obturator internus
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The ischiorectal fossa's borders:
laterally: ______ &______; superomedially:_____, externally:__________ |
obturator internus fascia & ischium;
levator ani muscle (both sides); fat over buttocks |
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The ischiorectal fossa is significant clinicly because ______________.
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heavy bacteria growth occurs here and you can get a severe infection
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The pudendal canal lies in the medial fascia of ______.
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obturator internus muscle
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The inferior rectal nerve is a branch off of the ______.
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pudendal nerve
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The pudendal nerve travels & changes name to the ______, which gives off ______ (s-ficial) & becomes____ (deep to perineal membrane)
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perineal n.
posterior scrotal/labial nn. dorsal n. of penis/clitoris |
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A _________ nerve block is commonly used for childbirth.
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pudendal--can be palpated by finding spines of ischium & pass needle toward that.
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Internal pudendal artery gives rise to _______ aa, then on to _____ & ______ aa.
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inferior rectal;
posterior scrotal/labial; deep artery of penis/clitoris |
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The lymphatics of the prrineum drain through ______.
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inguinal area
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Parasympathetic innervation causes _______ & retention of _____ to erectile tissues.
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engorgement
retention of blood |
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Parasympathetics join ultimately with _____, which continues on to the ____ plexus, then deep around neck of the ______ to the PENIS ITSELF.
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inferior hypogastric plexus;
prostate; bladder |
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When stimulated, the arteries in the erectile tissue _______. Blood fills them & blood itself blocks _____.
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uncoil;
drainage from these tissues PARASYMPATHETIC |
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The coiled arteries in erectile tissue are called ________.
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helicines
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The ________ causes the arterioles in erectile tissue to contract, and blood __________.
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SYMPATHETICS;
drains out |
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The pectinate line divides the ______ (voluntary)& _______ (involuntary).
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external anal sphincter;
internal anal sphincter |
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The internal anal area is supplied by _____ & _____.
The external anal area is supplied by _____. |
pelvic sympathetics & parasympathetics;
somatic nerves |
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The uterine aretery & ureter run in the ________.
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inferior aspect of the mesometruim
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The portion of mesometrium where the fascia condenses (near ureter & uterine artery) is called the _____.
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CARDINAL LIGAMENT (TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT)
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The pelvic organs lie in between ____& _____.
The space where they lie is filled with _________. |
peritoneum & pelvic diaphragm;
pelvic fascia |
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The ureter attaches _____ (where) to the bladder.
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posteriolateraly
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The parietal layer (lies on wall of pelvis) is a continuation of _______.
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abdominal transversalis fascia-------at certain points it's continual w/visceral layer
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The visceral layer=_____=____
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endopelvic or extraperitoneal fatty tissue
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The visceral layer acts as a ______ &______ and lies adjacent to organs.
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cushion & support
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The 3 thickenings of visceral pelvic fascia to support pelvic organs: ___, ___, ____.
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pubocervical (pubovesical)lig.; lateral cervical (cardinal lig., transverse lig., Mackenrodt's lig.); uterosacral lig.
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The ________ ligament has been cut in order to relieve pain from dysmennorhea.
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UTEROSACRAL
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The pubocervical ligament in female is analagous to _______ in male.
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puboprostatic ligament
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The parietopelvic fascia has 2 thickenings: _____ & ____. Which is more lateral?
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tendinous arc of levator ani (more lateral); tendinous arc of pelvic fascia
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The tendinous arc of the levator ani is a condensation of _________, and lies against _______.
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obturator internis fascia; walls of pelvis
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The tendinous arc of the pelvic fascia covers ______.
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pelvic diaphragm
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A _______ is an abnormal opening between 2 organs (i.e. _______)
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vagina to bladder, urethra, or rectum.
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The uterus is ANTEVERTED, which means _________.
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it bends ant. in relation to long axis of uterus & long axis of vagina, MAKING IT HANG OVER THE BLADDER
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THE UTERUS IS ANTEFLEXED, meaning __________. This occurs at the ____ of the cervix.
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the upper part is bent in relationship to the lower part;
isthmus |
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___% of women have a retroverted uterus (and possibly retroflexed)
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20%--it's now known it brings no problems
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