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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the ____ & ____ ____ in the lung work together to ____ & ____ respiration
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brain - local factors - regulate - coordinate
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2 local factors involved with regulation & control of respiration
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bronchial smooth muscle & changes in CO₂ - pulmonary arterioles & changes in O₂ & H+
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bronchial smooth muscle are involved with changes in ____
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CO₂
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in bronchial smooth muscles, increased CO₂ ____ (relaxes/constricts) smooth muscle in ____ → ____ → ____ (more/less) CO₂ released from ____
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relaxes - bronchioles - dilate - more - lungs
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in bronchial smooth muscles, decreased CO₂ ____ (relaxes/constricts) smooth muscle in ____ → ____ → ____ (more/less) CO₂ released from ____
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constricts - bronchioles - constrict - less - lungs
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pulmonary arterioles are sensitive to changes in ____ & ____
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O₂ - H+
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in pulmonary arterioles, decrease in O₂ levels in alveoli (or high H+ ions) → pulmonary arterioles ____ → ____ is shunted toward ____ with more O₂
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contract - blood - alveoli
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in pulmonary arterioles, increase in O₂ levels in alveoli (or low H+ ions) → pulmonary arterioles ____ → ____ is shunted toward ____ with less O₂
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relaxes - blood - alveoli
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brain control of respiration increases ____, increases ____ ____ ____ & blows out ____
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ventilation - diameter of airways - CO₂
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basic breathing pattern is set by the ____ formation in the ____ & ____
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reticular - medulla - pons
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2 centers of control for brain control of respiration
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medulla rhythmicity center - pons respiratory center
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2 neurons of the medulla rhythmicity center
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inspiratory neurons - expiratory neurons
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inspiratory neurons cause ____ of ____ muscles via ____ & ____ nerve
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contraction - inspiration - phrenic - intercostal
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inspiratory neurons fire for ____ for inspiration
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2 seconds
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inspiratory neurons cease for ____ during expiration
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3 seconds
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expiratory neurons are ____ (active/inactive) during normal breathing
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inactive
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expiratory neurons are activated with ____ ____ to cause ____ of expiratory muscles
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increased ventilation - contraction
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2 centers of the pons respiratory center
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pneumotaxic center - apneustic center
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pneumotaxic center ____ & ____ breathing
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shortens - quickens
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pneumotaxic center prevents …
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overinflation of lungs
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apneustic center prolongs ____
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inspiration
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apneustic center controls ____ & ____ breathing
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deep - slow
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