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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the ____ & ____ of the pharynx are lined with ____ ____ ET
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oropharynx - laryngopharynx - stratified squamous
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upper third of esophagus consists of ____ muscle
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skeletal
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middle third of esophagus consists of ____ & ____ muscle
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skeletal - smooth
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lower third of esophagus consists of ____ muscle
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smooth muscle
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the esophagus is lined with ____ ____ ET
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stratified squamous
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esophageal hiatus is where the esophagus comes down and passes the ____
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diaphragm
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thickening of muscle of the wall of esophagus is called ____ ____
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cardiac sphincter
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the cardiac sphincter helps to keep ____ & ____ from coming up from ____ into the esophagus
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acid - food - stomach
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the cardiac orifice is the ____ into the stomach
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opening
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acidic chyme is made in the ____ & released to the ____ ____
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stomach - small intestine
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rugae in the stomach is made up of folds of ____ & ____
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mucosa - submucosa
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4 regions of the stomach
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cardia - fundus - body - pylorus - lesser curvature - greater curvature
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hiatal hernia is caused when the ____ protrudes up through the diaphragm
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fundus
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pyloric sphincter is normally ____ (open/closed) & controls the flow of ____ to the small intestines
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closed - chyme
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3 mesenteries (omenta)
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lesser omentum - greater omentum - mesocolon
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the greater omentum extends from the ____ ____
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greater curvature
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the lesser momentum extends from the ____
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liver
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the wall of the stomach consists of 3 layers
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outer longitudinal - middle circular - inner oblique
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epithelial lining of the stomach is ____ ____ epithelium
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simple columnar
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gastric glands that are located in ____ & ____, primarily secrete mucus
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cardia - pylorus
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gastric glands in the fundus & body contain cells with various ____
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functions
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4 substances produced by gastric glands
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mucus - acid - pepsinogen - hormones
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4 cell types of gastric glands
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mucous neck cells - parietal cells - chief cells - enteroendocrine cells
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mucous neck cells produce ____ ____ at the upper region of glands
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acidic mucus
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parietal cells produce ____ & secretes ____ ____
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HCL - intrinsic factor
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function of intrinsic factor
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absorption of vitamin B12
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parietal cells provide acidity for ____ function
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pepsin
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chief cells are located at the ____ of the gland
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base
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chief cells produce ____ which breakdown ____
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pepsinogen - protein
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pepsin is converted in the presence of ____
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HCl
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5 hormones released by enteroendocrine cells
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gastrin - histamine - endorphins - serotonin - somatostatin
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enteroendocrine cells have ____ function because they effect the cells around them
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paracrine
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paracrine type cells effect the ____ area
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local
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gastrin & histamine both stimulate ____ cells to produce ____
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parietal - HCL
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endorphins are natural ____
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opiates
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serotonin __creases gastric ____
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increases - motility
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somatostatin __creases gastric ____ & gastric ____
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de - secretions - motility
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