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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 functions of the respiratory system: supply cells with ____ & get rid of ____
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oxygen - waste products (CO2)
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respiration can be divided into 5 stages
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pulmonary ventilation - gas exchange - transport - exchange - cellular respiration
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pulmonary ventilation is ____ & ____
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inhaling - exhaling
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gas exchange occurs between ____ & ____ is external respiration
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cells - blood
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transport of gases through out the body by ____
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blood
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exchange of gases between ____ & ____ is internal respiration
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blood - tissue
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cellular respiration is the use of O2 by body cells to break down glucose & release ____ + ____
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energy (ATP) + CO2
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the upper respiratory tract includes (3)
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nose - nasal cavity - pharynx
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2 structures of the nose
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external nose - external nares (nostrils)
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during breathing, air enters the cavity by passing through the ____ (____)
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nares - nostrils
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6 structures of the nasal cavity
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nasal septum - roof of the cavity - floor of the cavity - nasal conchae - internal nares - respiratory mucosa
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the nasal septum is formed anteriorly by the ____ cartilage & posteriorly by the ____ ____ & ____ plate of the ____ bone
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septal - vomer bone - perpendicular - ethmoid
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the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by the ____ & ____ bone of the skull
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ethmoid - sphenoid
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the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the _____
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palate
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known as the turbinate bones
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nasal conchae (superior, middle + interior)
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the nasal cavity is divided into left and right halves by the
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nasal septum
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the nasal septum is composed of
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perpendicular plate of ethmoid - vomer bone - septal cartilage
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nasal chonchae (turbinate bones) is located on the
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lateral walls
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3 nasal chonchae are
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superior - middle - inferior
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turbinate bones function (3)
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circulate - warm - filter air
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conchae and septum are lined with
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mucous membrane
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respiratory mucosa is ____ ____ ____ epithelium
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar
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the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses
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frontal - maxillary - ethmoid - sphenoid
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the paranasal sinuses moisten ____ & produce ____ that drain in the ____ ____
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air - mucus - nasal pharynx
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3 regions of the pharynx
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nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
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the pharynx connects the ____ ____ & ____ superiorly & the ____ & ____ inferiorly
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nasal cavity - mouth - larynx - esophagus
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nasopharynx is located directly behind the ____ ____
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nasal cavity
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the uvula is part of the ____ palate and closes off the ____ to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
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soft - nasopharynx
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pharyngeal tonsil traps & destroys ____ entering the ____ in the air
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pathogens - nasopharynx
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pharyngotympanic tube drains the ____ ____ cavities into ____ & allow pressure to ____
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middle ear - nasopharynx - equalize
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the nasopharynx has ____ ____ epithelium
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pseudostratified columnar
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oropharynx is located ____ to the ____ cavity
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posterior - oral
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both ____ & ____ pass through the oropharynx
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food - air
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the oropharynx has ____ ____ epithelium
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stratified squamous
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3 structures in the oropharynx
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fauces - palatine tonsils - lingual tonsils
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fauces is the passageway between the ____ ____ & ____
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palatine tonsil - epiglottis
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the paired palatine tonsils lie in the lateral walls of the ____
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fauces
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lingual tonsil cover the base of the ____
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tongue
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laryngopharynx serves as a passageway for ____ & ____ & is lined with ____ ____ epithelium
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food - air - stratified squamous
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laryngopharynx lies directly posterior to the upright ____ & just above the ____
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epiglottis - larynx
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