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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 types of helminths?
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1. Nematodes
2. Trematodes 3. Cestodes |
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What are nematodes?
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Roundworms
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What are Trematodes?
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Flukes
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What are cestodes?
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Tapeworms
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What are the 3 roundworms?
What do they infect? |
-Ascaras
-Hookworm -Pinworm (enterobius) The donut hole |
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What are the roundworms that infect the donut?
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-Dracunculus
-Filaria -Onchocerca |
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What fluke infects the donut?
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Schistosoma
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What are the tapeworms that infect the donut hole?
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Pork beef and fish tapeworm
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What tapeworms infect the donut hole?
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-Cysticercosis
-Hydatid |
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What is the magnitude of the helminth problem?
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1/2 of the world has worms
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What don't worms do?
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Multiply in man
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What is the Ascaris lifecycle?
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1. Eat (ova)
2. Small intestine (larvae) 3. Liver/bloodstream 4. Lungs/alveoli/cough 5. Swallow |
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When do worms grow in the intestines during Ascaris infections?
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Only after the 2nd time around when you swallow the larvae
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How is ascariasis diagnosed?
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By O/P for ova
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Do patients with ascaris pass adult worms?
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Rarely
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When can't you diagnose via o/p for ascaris?
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During the acute migratory phase (in the bloodstream)
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Do most people with ascaris get disease?
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No, its usually asymptomatic
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When is treatment given for ascariasis?
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To immunocompromised people or those with heavy infections
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What is treatment for ascaris?
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-Mebendazole (3 days)
-Albendazole (single day) |
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What would warrant treatment for ascariasis?
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Intestinal obstruction by the worms
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Why are heavy infections bad for children?
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They retard growth and development
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What 3 symptoms is ACUTE disease caused by ascaris characterized by?
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1. PIE - pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia
2. Hepatic enlargement 3. Fever (2weeks) |
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When does PIE occur during ascariasis?
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During the migratory phase of the larva
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What causes VISCERAL larva migrans?
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Dog ascaris accidently infecting humans
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How does visceral larva migrans cause symptoms in humans?
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When the worms die when they realize the human is not a good host.
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What is treatment for visceral larva migrans caused by dog ascaris?
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Supportive
Steroids for severe |
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How does hookworm infect humans?
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By penetrating the skin on the feet
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Where does hookworm go after penetrating the skin?
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To the heart, then lungs
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What happens to hookworm in the lungs?
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It climbs up to the throat and you swallow it
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What does hookworm do after you swallow it?
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Uses its hookers to suck blood from the intestine and lay eggs.
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Does hookworm always cause disease in humans?
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No it rarely does
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What are the 2 symptoms of acute hookworm disease?
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-Ground itch
-Pneumonia (PIE) |
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What are 2 ways to prevent hookworm?
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-Sandals/shoes
-Sanitation |
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What are 4 treatments for hookworm?
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-Pyrantel pamoate
-Mebendazole -Albendazole -Tetrachloroethylene |
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Where ascaris from dogs can cause visceral larva migrans, Dog or cat hookworm can cause
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Cutaneous larva migrans
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What is the symptom of cutaneous larva migrans?
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Creeping eruption
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But for human hookworm what are the symptoms of
-Acute disease -Chronic disease |
Acute: PIE/Ground itch
Chronic: Iron deficiency anemia |
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What does hookworm do in children?
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-Stunts growth
-Stunts intellectual development |
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What type of hookworm infection is more of a problem in the US?
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Cutaneous larval migrans
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What is the ONLY worm that multiplies in man?
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Strongyloides
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What does strongyloides cause, and how long does it last?
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-Causes eosinophilia
-Lasts a lifetime |
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How is strongyloides diagnosed? (2 ways)
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-Stool for O/P
-Serology |
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What is the natural habitat of strongyloides?
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Soil
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What is the acute disease of strongyloidiasis like?
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Hookworm - eosinophilia and PIE
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What are 2 symptoms of chronic strongyloides infection?
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-Watery diarrhea
-Malabsorption |
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What does strongyloides do to kids?
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Retards growth
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In what patients does strongyloides cause hyperinfection, high mortality and difficulty in diagnosing?
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Immunocompromised
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So what is our biggest concern with strongyloides?
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Detecting it in immunocompromised patients
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How do patients become immunocompromised?
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-Steroids
-Chemotherapy -Organ transplant |
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How are immunocompromised hosts of strongyloides treated? (2 drugs)
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-ivermectin
-Thiabendazole |
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What is whip worm?
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Trichuris trichiura
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How is trichuris transmitted?
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Fecal to oral
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What is the lifecycle of trichuris?
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1. eat
2. develops and stays in intestine 3. Pass eggs in stool |
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Does trichuris multiply in the host?
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no
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What's the worst symptom of trichuris?
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Prolapsed rectum
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What are 2 other symptoms of trichuris in kids?
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-Retarded growth/development
-Decreased cognitive development |
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What are the 2 drugs used to treat Whipworm (trichuris)?
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-Mebendazole
-Albendazole |
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Who do you treat when treating kids with whipworm?
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The whole family
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What is pinworm?
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Enterobius vermicularis
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What is the lifecycle of Enterobius (pinworm)?
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Same as trichuris
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What is the tricky thing that Enterobius females do?
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They wait til the night when children are sleeping, crawl out, and lay their eggs, then crawl back inside.
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What is the result of eggs being laid in the anus?
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It makes the butt very itchy
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How is pinworm treated?
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Easily with Mebendazole
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What happens often with pinworm?
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Reinfection
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How is pinworm diagnosed?
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With a scotchtape prep - NOT an o/p - the ova aren't laid in the intestine but in the anus.
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