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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the Gram + Cocci
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1. Staph aureus
2. Staph epidermidis 3. Strep pyrogenes 4. Strep pneumonia |
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Describe Staph aureus and what it can cause?
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1. Part of normal flora
2. Conjuncitvitis, Blepha, Keratitis, Hordeola 3. Staph Hypersensitivity - chronic bleph (SEI develop) |
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Describe Toxic Shock Syndrome?
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Rapid infection caused by Staph aureus, due to food poisoning, tampons
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What can Staph epider cause, and who is most likely affected?
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Bacterial Conjunctivits - children, will see severe mucous proliferation. Staph aureus, and H. flu are also culprits
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What does Strep pyrogenes cause systemically and ocularly ?
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Systemic - pharyngitis (strep throat can lead to rheumatic and scarlet fever)
Ocular - Orbital cellulitis, Less so Uveitis, Conj) |
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What ocular condition does Strep pneumonia cause?
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Bacterial conj (neonatal) and corneal ulcers
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In general what do you use to treat eyelid infections=?
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These are generally the above gram +, so we use oint-bacitracin, erythromycin, oral-doxy, because these are strong gram + fighters
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Name the Gram + Rods?
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1. Bacilis anthraces
2. Clostridium 3. C. deptheriae |
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What is unique about Bacilis anthracis?
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Spore forming, and can cause anthrax in humans. Use Ciprofloxacin to treat
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What is unique about Clostridium?
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Most are motile, and can cause, gangrene, botulism, and tetanus
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How do you tell the difference bt Staph and Strep?
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Catalase Test (staph is +)
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Name the Gram - Rods
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1. Pseudomonas
2. H. Flu 3. Moraxella |
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When is Pseudomonas a big concern?
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CL wearers, can perferate cornea causing ulcer. Pt will have red painful eye, with lid involvement. hit with VIGAMOX
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When is H. Flu a big concern?
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Otitis Media
Children Causes a highly contagious mucopurulent conjun |
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What is interesting about Moraxella?
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Associated with makeup wear, enter cornea thru compromised epi
ANGULAR BELPH |
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How do you tell the difference bt Staph and Strep?
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Catalase Test (staph is +)
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Name the Gram - Rods
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1. Pseudomonas
2. H. Flu 3. Moraxella |
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When is Pseudomonas a big concern?
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CL wearers, can perferate cornea causing ulcer. Pt will have red painful eye, with lid involvement. hit with VIGAMOX
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When is H. Flu a big concern?
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Otitis Media
Children Causes a highly contagious mucopurulent conjun |
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What is interesting about Moraxella?
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Associated with makeup wear, enter cornea thru compromised epi
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Name the Gram Negative Cocci?
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1. N. gonorrhea
2. N. meningitis 3. B. pertussis |
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What is the big concern with N. gonorrhea?
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Sight threatening corneal ulcer.
Culture with choc agar (Thyar Martin) |
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Gonococcal Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
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Hyperacute excessive creamy pus
Lid Involvement Pseudomembrane Formation |
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Name the Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria
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1. E. coli
2. Klebsiella 3. Proteus 4. Serratia |
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What is E.coli associated with?
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UTIs, it is normal flora
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What does mycobacteria cause?
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TB
Leprosy |
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Name the spirochetes?
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1. Trepnoema pallidum
2. Chlamydia Trachomatis 3. Rickettsia 4. Mycoplasma |
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What does Treponema cause, and name its three stages?
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Syphillis
1. Chancre 2. Fever/Rash (Ocular signs) 3. Neuro/Cardio issues |
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What are two ocular findings in Syphilis?
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Argyll Robertoson
Interstital Keratitis |
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How do you test for Syphilis?
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RPR
VDRL FTA-ABS |
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What is unique about Chlamydia Trach?
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Has Viral (obligate intracellular parasite) and Bacterial Qualities (ab can kill it)
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Describe Chlamydial Conjunctivitis?
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1. Concomitant Genital Infection
2. Serotypes D-K 3. Follicles in Inf Fornices 4. Non-Acute Mucopurulence |
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Describe Trachoma?
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1. Leading cause of preventable blindness in the world
2. Arlt Lines 3. Herberts Pits 4. Progressive Conj Scarring |
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Number 1 bacterial STD in US?
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Chlamydia
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Ophthalmic Neonatorum?
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Acute Conjunctivitis
1. Chlamydia 2. Gonorrhea |
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Describe Rickettsia?
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1. Bug Bite
2. Triad: Headache, Fever, Rash 3. Tx: Doxy |
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Describe Mycoplasma?
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1. NO CELL WALL (penicilin not effective)
2. Causes Walking Pneumonia 3. Tx: Aminoglycosides |
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What is sterilization?
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complete elimination
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What is disinfection?
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reduction in number
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Describe Virus?
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1. Obligate Intracellular Parasites
2. No Organelles 3. DNA or RNA |
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Name the DNA enveloped Viruses?
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1. Herpes (S/Z)
2. CMV 3. Pox Virus 4. EBV |
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Name the RNA enveloped Viruses?
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1. HIV
2. Measles/Mumps 3. Flu 4. Rabies |
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Adenovirus: EKC
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Adeno 8, 19
Corneal Involvement Common |
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Adenovirus: PCF
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Adeno 3, 7
Children Corneal Involvement Rare |
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HSV 1
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ORAL
Takes one to get one |
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What is the leading cause of blindness and #1 ocular infection in AIDS px?
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CMV Retinitis
Gancyclo or Foscarnet (IV) |
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Name an ocular condition caused by poxvirus?
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Molluscum Contagiosum
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What is the #1 viral STD in US, and what can it cause?
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HPV - genital warts, cervical cancer
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Which forms of hepatitis have vaccines?
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A, B
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Which forms of hepatitis are a sexually transmitted
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B,C,D
"Bowels w/ Vowels" |
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What is a Prion?
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Infectious particles made of proteins, unlike virus have no nucleic acids.
Mad Cow and Scrapie |
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Spore Production in Fungi?
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From sexual (promote survival in extreme environments) and asexual (to disperse the species) reproduction.
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What causes yeast infection?
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Candida albicans
Thrush / Vaginitis (happens with excess ab use) |
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How do you treat candida?
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Antifungals - Ketoconazole, Myscostatin, Fluconazole
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Tinea Versicolor caused by?
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Malassezia Furfuor
Tx: Miconazole |
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Tinea nigra caused by?
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Cladosporium
Tx: salicyclic acid |
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Tinea pedis caused by?
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Dermatophytes
Tx: Topical Azoles |
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Systemic Mycoses:
Histoplasmosis |
1. OH/MS Valley
2. Caused by inhalation of spores of soil laden with BIRD SHIT 3. Has fatal and nonfatal stages 4. Ocular : - PPA - Punched out Periph Lesions - Maculopathy |
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Name three things Candida causes?
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1. Fungal Corneal Ulcers
2. Oral Thrush (imm comp) 3. Vaginitis (ab use) |
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How do parasites do there damage?
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1. Local necrosis - at entry site
2. Direct cell death (malaria enters RBC) |
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How do you culture a parasite from the eye?
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1. CL from px
2. Eyelid swab 3. Corneal Scrapping |
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WORMS:
Trematodes (flukes) |
Seafood
Dx - Widespread inflammatinon Tx - Praziquantal |
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WORMS:
Cestodes (tapeworms) |
Pork
Dx - Brain Lesions Tx - Praziquantal |
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WORMS:
Nematodes (roundworms) |
Contain Food/Water
Dx - riverblindness, loa-loa, pinworm |
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Anthropods:
Demodex (Mites) |
Where - hair follicles and sebacous glands
Tx - smother |
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Anthropods:
Pediculosis (Lice) |
Where - any hair shaft
Tx - Permethrin Lotion |
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Plasmodium (Malaria)
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Damage - enters young blood cells, causes blocked capillaries, and organ dysfunction
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Giardia
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heart shaped with two nuclei
causes diarrhea |
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Toxoplasmosis Gondii?
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How - from cat shit, or bad meat, never human to human contact
Syndromes - acquired generally is asymptomatic, congenital causes retardation, ImmComp causes heart and lung issues |
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What is the primary difference bt Toxo and Histo?
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Toxo - starts in retina (Retinochoroidal)
Histo - starts in choroid (Chorioretinal_ |
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Pneumocystic carnii?
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Who - immunocomp inhale it in, get pneumonia (HIV patients with low CD4 should get propho)
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What ocular symptom is seen in Ancathamoeba infection?
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Classic Ring Ulcer
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