Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
gram positive cell wall has |
thick peptidogylcan layer - teichoic acid |
|
|
gram negative cells |
spread out - thinner peptidogylcan layer - outside of this layer is a outer membrane made of phospholipids (one is lipid A = endotoxin) - channels bounded by proteins called porins |
|
|
gram positive bacteria |
in order of firmicutes |
|
|
all cells have |
slightly negative charge on outside |
|
|
if want to staina cell has to have |
positive charge |
|
|
chromophore+ |
colored part of molecule |
|
|
chromophore- |
negative charged stain - cells not stained |
|
|
gram stains only work correctly on |
young cells |
|
|
mycobacteria |
gram positive bacteria |
|
|
mycobacterium tuberculosis m. lepsae m. avium- intracellulare m. bovis |
cause tuberculosis and leprosy acid fast, gram positive(thick), has mycolic acid, lipids in peptidoglycan |
|
|
tuberculosis |
not an emerging disease - lowest point in history |
|
|
gram positive cell is alcohol fast |
wont wash color out |
|
|
acid fast |
acid wont wash the color out |
|
|
gram negative lipids are in |
outer membrane
|
|
|
acid fast bacteria lipids are in |
mixed in with peptidoglycan |
|
|
protoplast (cells that normally have a cell wall that are removed of their cell wall) |
- use penicilin - has to be grown in an isotonic solution |
|
|
structure oustide of cell wall - usually in bacteria - some made of polysaccharides |
capsule |
|
|
streptococcus mitis |
- causes dental decay - only found on teeth - if have sucrose they can break down into glucose(polymerize this into dextran/ allows bacteria to stick) and fructose(energy) by an enzyme - causes dental plaque |
|
|
glucose = - produced by |
dextrose - produced from growing streptococcus mitis and harvesting its capsule - made from sucrose (disaccharide) |
|
|
xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol |
sugarless sugar - no caloric content - monosaccharide |
|
|
streptococcus mitis |
only grows on sugars that are not monosaccharide - in mouth |
|
|
bacilllus anthracis |
- rod shaped (bacillus) - causes anthrax - found natrually in soil - affects cattle - polypeptide - D glutamic acid |
|
|
amino acids everywhere |
L formed |
|
|
prokaryotic(bacterial) flagella made of |
flagellin - rotate |
|
|
when cells have flagella at one or both ends |
polar flagelum - mono (1 side) - bi |
|
|
flagella all over cell |
peritrichous - of fimbriae (singluar: fimbrea) |
|
|
specialized fimriae |
pilus (pili) - used to attached cells together - dna transfered through this |
|
|
genetic donor + |
genetic recipeint - |
|
|
most bacteria inside cell |
- single circular chromosome - plasmids(dna not in chromosome, self replicating, tend to not have important genes, antibiotic resistant genes usually on plasmids) - 70s ribosomes ( make proteins) |
|
|
- bacillus clostridium |
-botulisum - causes botulus - tetani - causes tetanus - perfringens - causes gas gangrene |
|
|
thick wall structure inside cell |
endospore - thick wall avoids environmental conditions |
|
|
inclusions |
cells that have things in them - store phosphate - store starch - store lipids - |
|
|
if spirilla are motile |
have flagella |
|
|
medical diseases caused by spirochete |
- lime disease - syphilis |
|
|
spirochete have |
- have endoflagella/axial filaments inside helix - gram negative |
|
|
all cells have |
plasma membrane |
|
|
endotoxic vs exotoxin |
endotoxin- lipid a - all gram negative exotoxin- c. botulinum - |
