Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1607
|
Jamestown Virginia established. First English colony in the Americas
|
|
|
1776
|
Declaration of Independence signed
|
|
|
1803
|
Louisiana Purchase
|
|
|
1861-1865
|
United States Civil War
|
|
|
Samuel Adams
|
Leader of Sons of Liberty in Boston. Encouraged people declare independence from England
|
|
|
Benjamin Franklin
|
Leader of movement to declare independence from England. Helped get France to support the U.S. during the American Revolution
|
|
|
King George III
|
King of England during the American Revolution
|
|
|
Thomas Jefferson
|
Wrote the Declaration of Indpendence. 3rd President of the United States. Purchased the Louisiana Territory
|
|
|
George Washington
|
Leader of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. 1st President of the United States.
|
|
|
Thomas Paine
|
write Common Sense, a pamphlet promoting the ideas of the American Revolution
|
|
|
French and Indian War
|
fought between France and England in the American colonies. Led to increased taxes in the colonies which led to the American Revolution
|
|
|
Stamp Act
|
a tax England placed on paper products sold in the colonies. Led to colonies declaring independence.
|
|
|
"no taxation without representation"
|
reason colonists declared independence from England. Colonists did not have anyone to represent them in making English laws.
|
|
|
Declaration of Independence
|
Written in 1776, colonies declared independence from Enlgand with this document. It expressed grievances (complaints) about all the rights the King had taken away.
|
|
|
Battle of Lexington and Concord
|
April 1775. First battle of the American Revolution.
|
|
|
Battle of Saratoga
|
1777. Battle of the American Revolution. It was a turning point for the colonists because they won and the French agreed to help them.
|
|
|
Battle of Yorktown
|
1781. British surrendered to the colonists, ending the American Revolution.
|
|
|
Treaty of Paris
|
England recognized the indpendenc of the United States. Gave them all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.
|
|
|
Articles of Confederation
|
First plan of government for the United States. Created a weak national government and strong state governments. Replaced by the Constitution.
|
|
|
Philadelphia Convention of 1787
|
meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation. Ended up writting a new constitution.
|
|
|
Great Compromise
|
compromise that create two houses in Congress. One (the House) based on population of the state, the other (the Senate) has equal votes for each state.
|
|
|
Three-fifths Compromise
|
said slaves would count as three-fifths of a person for state representation in Congress.
|
|
|
Federalism
|
Principle of the Consitution that says the governments power is divided among the state government and the national government.
|
|
|
Limited Government
|
The Principle of the Constitution that says the power of the government is limited.
|
|
|
Popular Sovereignty
|
Principle of the Constitution that says the power of the government comes from the people who vote
|
|
|
Separation of Powers
|
Principle of the Constitution that says the government is separated into three branches, each with their own jobs.
|
|
|
Checks and Balances
|
Principle of the Consitution that says each branch of the government watches the other branches to make sure they don't get too much power.
|
|
|
Individual Rights
|
Principle of the Constitution that says people have rights that should be protected by the government. Most are protected by the Bill of Rights
|
|
|
Republicanism
|
Principle of the Constitution that says the government is controlled by people who vote and elect representatives to make and enforce laws.
|
|
|
Legislative Branch
|
branch of government that makes laws
|
|
|
Virginia House of Burgesses
|
1st representative government in the colonies (1619)
|
|
|
Mayflower Compact
|
document outlining principles of self-government for colonists. Meant colonists would make laws for themselves.
|
|
|
Magna Carta
|
English document that provided limits to the power of the king. Set example for U.S. government.
|
|
|
English Bill of Rights
|
gauranteed English citizens certain rights. Model for U.S. rights.
|
|
|
Federalist Papers
|
essays written to support ratification (approval) of the Constitution.
|
|
|
Northwest Ordinance
|
created a procedure for adding new territories and states to the United States. (1787)
|
|
|
Federalists
|
one of the first political parties in the U.S. Believed in a strong central government.
|
|
|
Democratic-Republicans
|
one of the first political parties in the U.S. Believed in strong state governments.
|
|
|
Anti-Federalists
|
group of Americans that were against the consitution. Believed it didn't protect individual rights.
|
|
|
War of 1812
|
U.S. war with England. Caused by England capturing American ships and impressing (forcing) U.S. sailors into the English navy. Caused a spread of patriotism in the U.S.
|
|
|
Washington's Farewell Address
|
George Washington's last speech as president. Advised the U.S. to avoid alliances with other countries and said they should not have political parties.
|
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
said the U.S. wold not allow more European colonization in North or South America (western hemisphere)
|
|
|
Indian Removal
|
Native Americans living in Georgia and the Carolinas were moved by force to Oklahoma.
|
|
|
Trail of Tears
|
When Native Americans were moved to Oklahoma, many died along the way.
|
|
|
Manifest Destiny
|
belief that the United States had a God-given right to settle all the land out to the Pacific Ocean.
|
|
|
Mexican-American War
|
1846-1848. War between Mexico and U.S. over the border of Texas. The U.S. won and received the land of the Mexican Cession (Texas to California).
|
|
|
John C. Calhoun
|
from South Carolina. Believed that the states had to right to ignore (nullify) national laws that hurt the state.
|
|
|
Henry Clay
|
from Kentucky. Helped create compromises that prevented the country from having a Civil War in the early 1800s.
|
|
|
Nullification Crisis
|
In 1832, South Carolina threatened to secede (leave) the United States if the national government tried to collect tariffs (taxes) from them. Said states had the right to cancel a law that hurt them.
|
|
|
States' Rights
|
idea that states' had the right to control all issues in their states.
|
|
|
plantations
|
large farms that grew cash crops for export. Used slaves to grow the crops.
|
|
|
industrialization
|
the northern United States built factories and produced manufactured goods. Made products cheaper.
|
|
|
cotton gin
|
helped plantations clean cotton faster. Increased the need for slavery in the South.
|
|
|
steamboat
|
boat that increased the speed of transportation.
|
|
|
abolition
|
a movement to do away with slavery
|
|
|
Frederick Douglass
|
former slave who gave speeches in the North about the evils of slavery
|
|
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe
|
wrote the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin". Caused people in the north to hate slavery.
|
|
|
Horace Mann
|
created an free, public education system in the United States
|
|
|
temperance
|
movement to stop the sale of alcohol and encourage people not to drink
|
|
|
women's rights
|
movement to provide equal rights to women, especially the right to vote
|
|
|
Missouri Compromise
|
1820 agreement to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
|
|
|
Compromise of 1850
|
admitted California as a free state and created a Fugitive Slave Law that said north had to return escaped slaves. Prevented civil war.
|
|
|
Dred Scott decision
|
Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and did not have rights. Also said that the national government could not outlaw slavery in the territories.
|
|
|
Abraham Lincoln
|
President of the United States during the Civil War.
|
|
|
Jefferson Davis
|
President of the Confederate States of American during the Civil War (South).
|
|
|
Ulysses S. Grant
|
leading General for the United States Army during the Civil War.
|
|
|
Robert E. Lee
|
leading General fort he Confederacy. (south)
|
|
|
Fort Sumter, SC
|
April 12, 1861. Where the Civil War began when Southern troops fired on Northern.
|
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation
|
document written by Abraham Lincoln that freed slaves in the South.
|
|
|
Vicksburg, MS
|
July 1863. Civil War battle that gave the North control over the Mississippi River.
|
|
|
Battle of Gettysburg
|
July 1863. Civil War battle that helped the North begin to win the war.
|
|
|
Appomattox Courthouse
|
site of the South's surrender to the North, ending the Civil War.
|
|
|
13th Amendment
|
made slavery illegal in the United States.
|
|
|
14th Amendment
|
gave citizenship to all people born in the U.S.
|
|
|
15th Amendment
|
gave all males the right to vote, regardless of race.
|
|
|
1st Amendment
|
freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
|
|
|
2nd Amendment
|
People have the right to have weapons.
|
|
|
3rd Amendment
|
People do not have to house soldiers in their homes.
|
|
|
4th Amendment
|
police can't search people's houses without a search warrant
|
|
|
5th Amendment
|
lifel, liberty, property can't be taken away without a court's approval. You don't have to testify against yourself in court.
|
|
|
6th Amendment
|
people have right to a trial by jury when they commit a crime. Have to right to a lawyer.
|
|
|
7th Amendment
|
right to a trial by jury in a civil trial. (Civil--suing someone).
|
|
|
8th Amendment
|
no cruel or unsual punishment
|
|
|
9th Amendment
|
people have more rights than the ones in the Bill of Rights
|
|
|
10th Amendment
|
states are in charge of the jobs that the constitution did not assign to the national government. Example: education.
|
|
|
Bill of Rights
|
First 10 Amendments to the Constitution. Added to protect people's rights.
|
