8Th Grade Science Unit D Energy

Front 1

Energy

Back 1

the strenth and vitality required or phiysical or mental movement

Front 2

Potential Chemical Energy

Back 2

energy in the chemical bonds of matter

Front 3

Gravitational Potential energy

Back 3

an object position above the earth such as how high a hammer is held

Front 4

potential energy

Back 4

is stored energy that has not yet been used, uch as energy stored in the oil in the furnace, the built-up electrictron charges.

Front 5

kinectic energy

Back 5

an object is moving

Front 6

energy transformation

Back 6

changing one energy to an other

Front 7

heat

Back 7

the movement of thermal energy from hot to cold

Front 8

temperature

Back 8

a measure of the average energy peer molecule of a substance

Front 9

law of conservation of energy

Back 9

the fudamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes

Front 10

efficiency

Back 10

is the ratio of useful energy that is released to the total energy absorbed by the process.

Front 11

energy conservation

Back 11

to reduce or save

Front 12

light

Back 12

not dark

Front 13

sound

Back 13

sound produced by continuous and regular vibration, as opposed to noise

Front 14

nuclear energy

Back 14

when atoms of radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium are split apart a huge amount of energy is released.

Front 15

fossil fuels

Back 15

is caol petroleum and natural gas come from plant materials and small animals that have been buried in the earth for millions of years.

Front 16

stored energy

Back 16

It is potential energy that is the energy of an object or a system due to the position of the body or the arrangement of the particles of the system.

Front 17

absorption of energy

Back 17

a nuc;ear reaction

Front 18

release of energy

Back 18

is dependent on the amount of force used to make movement occur

Front 19

elastic energy

Back 19

is the potential mechanical energy stored in the confirguration of a material or physical system as work is performed to distort its volume or shape

Front 20

electric energy

Back 20

is when energy newly derived from electrical potential energy

Front 21

conduction

Back 21

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a different of temperature or of electrial potential between adjoining regions without movement of the materials

Front 22

conductors

Back 22

the process by which energy is transferred directly when materials touch each other

Front 23

insulators

Back 23

materials that are poor conductors and, therefore, slow down the rate of energy movement

Front 24

refrigerant

Back 24

a substance used for refrigeration

Front 25

calorie

Back 25

two units of heat energy

Front 26

renewable resource

Back 26

one that has a continuing supply, such as sunlight, water, wind, and biomass

Front 27

nonrenewable resource

Back 27

as coal, natural gas, and petroleum, is one that has a limited supply, once it is used up there is no more of it

Front 28

electricity generation

Back 28

to any one of several types of energy that is transformed into electricity

Front 29

power plant

Back 29

distributes the electricity to the area around the plant

Front 30

turbine

Back 30

is like a large fan that uses mechanical energy to turn the blades

Front 31

generator

Back 31

transforms the rotating energy of the turbine into electricity

Front 32

biomass energy

Back 32

a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation

Front 33

geothermal energy

Back 33

is the product of heat transferring from the interior if the earth to the surface

Front 34

solar energy

Back 34

energy from the sun that can be converted directly into electricity by solar cells- no turbine or generator is necessary

Front 35

tidal harness

Back 35

it captures the kinetic energy of ocean water between high and low tides

Front 36

wind energy

Back 36

is simply moving air that can turn the blades of turbines

Front 37

wet cell battery

Back 37

an electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy

Front 38

electrolyte

Back 38

is the material that makes the liquid electrically conductive in a bateery

Front 39

closed circuit

Back 39

is when the path that energy travels is broken (a light switch being turned off)

Front 40

open circuit

Back 40

is when the path that energy travels is complete (a light switch being turned on)

Front 41

series circuit

Back 41

is one where all the components in the circuit are connected one after another with a bettery. There's only 1 path

Front 42

parallel circuit

Back 42

the components are set up in the circuit so that the electrical energy has more than one conducting path from the battery (christmas lights)

Front 43

electrical conductors

Back 43

Materials that have a structure that easily allows energy transfer (copper or aliminum are good ones)

Front 44

insulation

Back 44

materials that slow down the movement of energy. Used in building equiment and styles

Front 45

calorie or kilocalorie

Back 45

is a measure of chemical potential energy in different materials. It's the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1degree