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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemical bonding?
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chemical bonding is the combining of atoms of elements to form new substances.
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What is the basic structure of the atom?
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The basic structure of the atom is: nucleus, protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) inside the nucleus, electron cloud with three energy levels containing electrons.
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What are valence electrons?
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Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. They play the most significant role in determining how atoms combine.
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How many valence electrons can there be in the three different energy level?
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first=the most is 2
second=the most is 8 third=most is 18 |
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What determines whether or not an atom will form chemical bonds?
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The electron arrangement of the outermost energy level of an atom determines whether or not the atom will form chemical bonds.
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Matter
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All matter is made of atoms,
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Atom
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The basic building blocks of all the substances in the universe.
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Element
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there are 109, they are made up of only one type of atom.
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Atoms with complete (filled) outermost energy levels are very stable and
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don't usually combine with other atoms to form compounds and do not form chemical bonds.
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How does an atom stay together?
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the protons and electrons are attracted to each other and hold the atom together.
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Periodic Table Organization
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Review how the periodic table is organized.
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Why do atoms bond with each other?
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They bond to either gain or lose electrons and complete their outermost energy levels. This makes them stable.
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What is ionic bonding?
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Ionic bonding is is bonding that involves a transfer of electrons.
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How does an atom become a negative ion?
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An atom becomes a negative atom when it gains electrons during ionic bonding.
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How does an atom become a positive ion?
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An atom becomes a positive atom when it loses electrons during ionic bonding.
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What is ionization energy?
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Ionization energy is the energy needed for ionization which is the process of removing electrons and forming ions.
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What is electron affinity?
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Electron affinity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.
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What is a crystal lattice?
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A crystal lattice is the placement of ions in an ionic compound creating a regular, repeating arrangement.
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What is the relationship between a chemical formula for an ionic compound and its crystal lattice?
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A chemical formula for an ionic compound shows the ratio of ions present in the crystal lattice. It doesn't show the actual number of ions.
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What is covalent bonding?
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Covalent bonding is when electrons are shared instead of transferred, or traded.
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ionization energy levels
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high for atoms that have many valence electrons
low for atoms that have few valence electrons. |
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What is an ion?
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An ion is a charged atom, An atom is neutral, but if there is a transfer of electrons, a neutral atom will ecome a charged atom.
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What is ionization?
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Ionization is the process of removing electrons and forming ions.
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What does a crystal lattice do?
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A crystal lattice gives a compound its shape.
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What is an electron-dot diagram? How does an electron-dot diagram represent a covalent bond?
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An electron-dot diagram uses the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by a series of dots to represent the electron sharing that takes place in a covalent bond.
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Molecule
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A molecule is the combination of atoms formed by a covalent bond. It is represented by a chemical formula.
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What does the chemical formula formula tell you about a molecule?
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It tells you each element involved in the bond and the exact number of atoms of each element.
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What is a polyatomic ion?
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A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts like a single atom when combining with other atoms.
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Two examples of a polyatomic ion
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1. hydroxide:
2. nitrate |
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Metallic bond
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It is a bond formed by atoms of metals, in which the outer electrons of the atoms form a common electron cloud.
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Malleable metal
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can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.
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Ductile metal
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can be drawn into thin wire.
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How does metallic bonding account for the properties of metals
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It
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What is an oxidation number?
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The number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when it forms chemical bonds.
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How do you find the oxidation number of an atom?
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An oxidation number is used to predict how atoms will combine and what the formula for the resulting compound will be.
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How is the oxidation number related to bond type?
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rr
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You follow this rule when writing chemical formulas
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The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in a compound must be zero.
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