8Th Grade Physical Science Study Guide Chp. 6 & 7

Front 1

What are the most common states of matter on Earth?,

Back 1

Solids, liquids, and gases.

Front 2

What is the most common state of matter in space?,

Back 2

Plasma

Front 3

What 2 main factors determine the state of matter?,

Back 3

Particle motion and particle forces.

Front 4

What kind of motion do particles have?,

Back 4

Movement in all directions and at different speeds.

Front 5

Particles will move in a straight line until what happens?,

Back 5

Until they collide with something.

Front 6

Define a solid.,

Back 6

Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.

Front 7

How do particles move in a solid?,

Back 7

Particles are close together and vibrate back and forth in place.

Front 8

What kind of attractive forces do solids have?,

Back 8

Strong attractive forces.

Front 9

What are the 2 types of solids?,

Back 9

Crystalline and amorphous solids.

Front 10

What are crystalline solids? Give examples.,

Back 10

A crystalline solid has particles arranged in a specific, repeating order. Diamond.

Front 11

What are amorphous solids? Give examples.,

Back 11

An amorphous solid has particles arranged randomly. Charcoal.

Front 12

Define a liquid.,

Back 12

A matter with a definite volume but no definite shape.

Front 13

How do particles move in a liquid?,

Back 13

Particles move past other particles.

Front 14

Describe the attractive forces in a liquid.,

Back 14

Attractive forces are weaker than those in a solid.

Front 15

What is viscosity?,

Back 15

A measurement of a liquid’s resistance to flow.

Front 16

Name something with a high viscosity. Name something with a low viscosity.,

Back 16

Honey has a high viscosity. Water has a low viscosity.

Front 17

What is surface tension?,

Back 17

The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.

Front 18

Define a gas.,

Back 18

A matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape.

Front 19

How do particles move in a gas?,

Back 19

Particles are far apart and move freely.

Front 20

Describe the attractive forces in a gas.,

Back 20

Slight or weak attractive forces between particles.

Front 21

What is vapor?,

Back 21

The gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature.

Front 22

What is kinetic energy?,

Back 22

The energy an object has due to its motion.

Front 23

What is the relationship between speed and kinetic energy?,

Back 23

Higher speed has more kinetic energy. Low speed has less kinetic energy.

Front 24

What is temperature?,

Back 24

A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.

Front 25

What is potential energy?,

Back 25

Stored energy due to the interactions between particles or objects.

Front 26

Potential energy increases when objects get,

Back 26

farther apart.

Front 27

What is temperature energy?,

Back 27

The total potential and kinetic energies of an object.

Front 28

Describe melting.,

Back 28

Temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid state.

Front 29

Describe freezing.,

Back 29

Temperature at which matter changes from liquid state to a solid state.

Front 30

What is vaporization?,

Back 30

Change in stoate of a liquid into a gas.

Front 31

Describe boiling.,

Back 31

Vaporization that occurs within a liquid.

Front 32

Describe evaporation.,

Back 32

Vaporization that occurs only at the surface of a liquid.

Front 33

Describe condensation.,

Back 33

Change of state from a gas to a liquid.

Front 34

Describe sublimation.,

Back 34

Change of state from a solid to a gas without going through a liquid state.

Front 35

Describe deposition.,

Back 35

Change of state of a gas to a solid without going through the liquid state.

Front 36

What is unique about water?,

Back 36

Water is the only substance that exists naturally as a solid, liquid, and a gas within Earth’s temperature change.

Front 37

What is necessary for a change of state to occur?,

Back 37

Add or remove thermal energy.

Front 38

Explain the kinetic molecular theory.,

Back 38

An explanation of how particles in matter behave.

Front 39

What is pressure?,

Back 39

Amount of force applied per unit of area.

Front 40

Know Boyle’s Law.,

Back 40

States that pressure of a gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decrease if the volume increases, when temperature is constant.

Front 41

Know Charles’ Law.,

Back 41

States that the volume of a gas increase with increasing temperature, if the pressure is constant.

Front 42

What is matter?,

Back 42

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Front 43

List examples of matter and examples of things that are not matter.,

Back 43

Metal, wood, plastic, trees, soil, water, clouds, the sun, and air are all examples of matter. Sound, light, forces, and energy are all not matter.

Front 44

What is an atom?,

Back 44

A small particle that is a building block of matter.

Front 45

What is the nucleus of the atom?,

Back 45

Where most of an atom’s mass and positive charge are concentrated. Made up of protons and neutrons.

Front 46

What is a proton and where is it located?,

Back 46

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 47

What is a neutron and where is it located?,

Back 47

Neutral charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 48

What is an electron and where it is located?,

Back 48

Negatively charged particle that occupies the space in an atom outside the nucleus.

Front 49

What are the 2 main classifications of matter?,

Back 49

Substances and mixtures.

Front 50

What is a substance?

Back 50

A matter with a composition that is always the same.

Front 51

What is an element?,

Back 51

Is a substance that consists of just one type of atom.

Front 52

How do atoms of different elements differ?,

Back 52

Need Info!!!

Front 53

What is a compound?,

Back 53

A type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Front 54

What are chemical formulas?,

Back 54

Combination of symbols and numbers that represents a compound.

Front 55

Be able to read chemical formulas---CO2,

Back 55

Carbon Oxygen(2)= Carbon Dioxide

Front 56

How do the properties of a compound differ from the properties of the elements that make it up?,

Back 56

Need Info!!!

Front 57

What is a mixture?,

Back 57

Matter that can vary in composition.

Front 58

What are some characteristics of mixtures?,

Back 58

Two or more substances that are physically blended.

Front 59

What are the 2 types of mixtures?,

Back 59

Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

Front 60

What is a heterogeneous mixtures?,

Back 60

A type of mixture in which the individual substances are not evenly mixed.

Front 61

What is a homogeneous mixtures?,

Back 61

A type of mixture in the individual substances are evenly mixed.

Front 62

A homogeneous mixture is also called a,

Back 62

solution.

Front 63

What is a solvent?,

Back 63

The substance present in the largest amount.

Front 64

What is a solute?,

Back 64

All other substances in a solution are called solutes.

Front 65

What does dissolve mean?,

Back 65

Means to form a solution by mixing evenly.

Front 66

What is a physical property?,

Back 66

A characteristic of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the identity of matter.

Front 67

Name the states of matter.,

Back 67

Solids, liquids, and gases.

Front 68

Describe a solid.,

Back 68

Matter that has a definite volume and definite shape.

Front 69

Describe a liquid.,

Back 69

Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape.

Front 70

Describe a gas.,

Back 70

Matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape.

Front 71

What is a size-dependent property?,

Back 71

When physical properties vary on size.

Front 72

Name some size-dependent properties.,

Back 72

Mass and volume.

Front 73

What is a size-independent property?,

Back 73

When physical properties don't vary on size.

Front 74

Name some size-independent properties.,

Back 74

Melting/boiling point, density, electrical conductivity, and solubility.

Front 75

What is the difference between mass and weight?,

Back 75

Mass is an amount of matter in something. Weight is the pull of gravity on that matter.

Front 76

What is a melting point?,

Back 76

Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Front 77

What is a boiling point?,

Back 77

Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Front 78

What does conductivity mean?,

Back 78

The ability of matter or a material to move energy.

Front 79

Name some ways to separate a mixture.,

Back 79

A change in size, shape, form, or state of matter in which the matter’s identity stays the same.

Front 80

What is a physical change?,

Back 80

As thermal energy is added to a material, temperature increases when the state of the material is not changing. Temperature stays the same during a change of state.

Front 81

Understand the chart on figure 11 pg. 214.,

Back 81

When thermal energy is added to a solid, the particles in the solid move faster and faster, and the temperature increases.

Front 82

Know what happens when thermal energy is added to a state of matter.,

Back 82

When thermal energy is removed from a solid, the particles in the solid move slower and slower, and the temperature decreases.

Front 83

Know what happens when thermal energy is removed from a state of matter.,

Back 83

A characteristic of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter.

Front 84

What is a chemical property?,

Back 84

A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties.

Front 85

What is chemical change?,

Back 85

Bubbles, energy change, odor change, and color change.

Front 86

Name some signs of chemical changes.,

Back 86

Chemical change and physical change have different signs?

Front 87

Be able to tell the difference between chemical and physical changes.,

Back 87

Need Info!!!