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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification
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The process of grouping items together based on their similar characteristics.
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Electromagnetic radiation
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The energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves
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Fluid
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A substance that can flow (liquid or gas)
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Gravity
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The attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill.
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Heat
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The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
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Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
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A graph relating the surface temperatures and absolute brightnesses of stars.
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Absolute Brightness
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The brightness a star would have if it were a standard distance from Earth.
("how bright a star actually is") |
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Apparent Brightness
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The brightness of a star as seen from Earth
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Asteroid
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One of the rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small and numerous to be considered planets
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Asteroid Belt
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The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found.
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Astronomical Unit
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The distance between Earth and the Sun (about 93 million miles)
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Autotroph
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An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food.
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Cellular Respiration
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The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reaction inside cells, releasing energy.
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Where does cellular respiration take place
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The mitochondria
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What is the formular for cellular respiration
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Glucose + Oxygen ---> Carbon Dioxide + Water (and energy)
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Chemical Symbol
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A one or two letter representation of an element (shown on the periodic table of the elements)
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Chlorophyll
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A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chlorplasts of autotrophic cells.
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Comet
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A loose collection of ice and dust that orbits the sun.
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Eclipse
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The partial or total blocking of one object in space by another.
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Galaxy
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A huge group of stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity.
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Gas giant
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The name often given to the outer planets; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
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Isotope
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An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.
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Light-year
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The distance that light travels in one year (about 186,000 miles per second)
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Lunar eclipse
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The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and the moon.
This causes the Moon to look reddish as light is filtered through Earth's atmosphere on its way to the Moon) |
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Main sequence
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A diagonal area on the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram that includes more than 90 percent of all stars.
For stars in the Main Sequence there is a direct relationship between temperature and absolute brightness. |
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Mass number
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The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Neap tide
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The tide with the least difference between high and low tides. Caused When the sun and the moon are at right angles in respect to the Earth.
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Nuclear Fusion
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The process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, forming a heavier element and releasing huge amounts of energy.
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Orbit
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The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water
CO2 + H20 -> 02 + C6H12O6 Photosynthesis takes place in the Chloroplast of the cell. |
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Reactant
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A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.
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Revolution
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The movement of an object around another object
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Rotation
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The spinning motion of a planet on its axis
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Solar Eclipse
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The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is directly between the sun and Earth
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Solar System
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The system consisting of the sun and the planets and other objects that revolve around it.
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Spring Tide
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The tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides.
Caused when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line. |
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Terrestrial Planets
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The name often given to the four inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars)
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Tide
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The periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean.
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Universe
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All of space and everything in it.
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Vacuum
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A place that is empty of all matter.
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Visible Light
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Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye.
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Wavelength
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The distance between two crests or troughs of a wave.
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Absolute Age
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The number of years since a rock formed (The actual age of a rock)
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Adaptation
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An inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
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Alleles
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The different forms of a gene
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Cementation
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The process by which dissolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.
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Classifying
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The process of grouping together items that are alike in some way.
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Commensalism
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A type of symbiosis between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed.
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Compaction
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The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight
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Consumer
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An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
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Continental Drift
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The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across the Earth's surface.
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Convection
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The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid
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Convection Current
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The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
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Convergent Boundary
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A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
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Crust
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The layer of rock that forms the Earth's outer surface
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Decomposer
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An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
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Deposition
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The process in which sediment is laid down in new locations
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Divergent Boundary
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A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
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Dominanat Allele
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An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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The energy transferred through space by electromagnetic waves
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Energy Transformation
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A change from one form of energy to another; also called an energy conversion.
(Remember, energy can NOT be created or destroyed, it can only change forms) |
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Energy
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The ability to do work or cause change
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Erosion
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The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil
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Evolution
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Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
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Fossil
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The preserved remains or traces of an organims that lived in the past.
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Frequency
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The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.
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Friction
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the force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub against each other.
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Gamma rays
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Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies.
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Gene
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A sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring.
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Genotype
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An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination
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Heterozygous
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Having two different alleles for a particular gene
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Homozygous
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Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
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Host
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An organisms that a parasite lives with, in, or on, and provides a source of energy or a suitible environment for the parasiste to live.
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Igneous rock
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A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
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Infrared Rays
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Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than microwaves
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy that an object has due to its motion
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Mantle
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The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core
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Meiosis
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The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
(One cell splits into four each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell) |
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Metamorphic Rock
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A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
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Mutualism
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A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit from living together.
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Natural selection
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The process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.
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Organism
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A living thing
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Put the following in the correct order from smallest and most simple to largest and most complex.
Organ, organ system, cell, organelle, molecule, atom, tissue, Organism |
Atom, moleclue, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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Outer core
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A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
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Parasite
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An organism that benefits by living with, on, or in a host in a parasitic relationship.
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Phenotype
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An organism's physical appearance or visible traits
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Potential Energy
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The energy an object has because of its position.
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Producer
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An organism that can make its own food (autotroph)
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Recessive Allele
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An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
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Relative Age
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The Age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks
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Rift Valley
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A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart
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Sedimentary Rock
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A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
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Species
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A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce.
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Subduction
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The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath continental crust at a convergent plate boundary.
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