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164 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is energy of position or stored energy called?
A. Potential Energy |
Potential Energy
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What is energy of motion called?
A. Kinetic Energy |
Kinetic Energy
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What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
A. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, just converted from one form to another |
Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed, just converted from one form to another |
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What happens to the TOTAL amount of energy as it is converted from one form to another?
A. It stays the SAME! |
It stays the SAME!
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What form of energy is always released when it is converted from one form to another?
A. Heat |
Heat
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What happens to the amount of gravitational potential energy as height is increased?
A. It increases |
It increases
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How does the potential & kinetic energy of a rock change as it is dropped off the top of a cliff?
A. Potential energy decreases Kinetic energy increases |
Potential energy decreases
Kinetic energy increases |
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What happens to kinetic energy as potential energy decreases?
A. It increases |
It increases
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What happens to potential energy as kinetic energy decreases?
A. It increases |
It increases
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Where is kinetic energy the greatest as a pendulum swings up and down?
A. On the bottom |
On the bottom
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What type of energy conversion takes place when ringing a bell?
A. Mechanical to sound |
Mechanical to sound
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What type of energy conversion takes place in a burning candle?
A. Chemical to light to heat |
Chemical to light to heat
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What type of energy conversion takes place in a windmill?
A. Wind to mechanical |
Wind to mechanical
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Where is the kinetic energy the greatest on a roller coaster?
A. At the bottom of the highest hill |
At the bottom of the highest hill
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What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
A. proton is positive neutron is neutral electron is negative |
proton is positive
neutron is neutral electron is negative |
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Where are the subatomic particles located in an atom?
A. Proton & neutron in nucleus Electron in shells/energy levels |
Proton & neutron in nucleus
Electron in shells/energy levels |
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How does an atom gain a charge?
A. By gaining or losing electrons |
By gaining or losing electrons
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What is the charge on an atom that gains electrons?
A. negative |
negative
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What is the charge on an atom that loses electrons?
A. positive |
positive
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When a balloon is rubbed with fur, the balloon becomes negatively charged. What particle is transferred from the fur to the balloon?
A. Electrons |
Electrons
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What is the Law of Electric Charges?
A. Like charges repel Unlike charges attract |
Like charges repel
Unlike charges attract |
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What particle will a negatively charged particle attract?
A. A positively charged particle |
A positively charged particle
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In an incomplete circuit, what type of material can be used to complete the circuit and conduct electricity?
A. A metal coin |
A metal coin
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What is the difference between a conductor and insulator?
A. A.conductor allows electrons to flow & an insulator does not |
A.conductor allows electrons
to flow & an insulator does not |
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What type of pole will repel a South pole?
A. A South pole |
South pole
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What type of pole will attract a North Pole?
A. South |
South pole
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Where is the magnetic force strongest on a magnet?
A. At the poles or ends |
At the poles or ends
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What is the charge on a normal atom?
A. Neutral |
Neutral
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What subatomic particle do we use to determine the identity of an atom?
A. Proton=Atomic Number=Electron |
Proton=Atomic Number=Electron
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How is the periodic table of elements organized and what is it used for?
A..Arranged in order of increasing atomic #; helps to predict properties of elements |
Arranged in order of increasing
atomic #; helps to predict properties of elements |
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At what temperature would a reaction rate increase: 50 degrees or 80 degrees?
A. 80 degrees |
80 degrees
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Would a dilute or concentrated acid make a reaction rate increase?
A Concentrated |
Concentrated
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What substance can be added to a chemical reaction to increase the rate of reaction?
A. Catalyst |
Catalyst
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What is the relationship between temperature and reaction rate?
A. Direct: As temperature increases, reaction rate increases |
Direct: As temperature increases,
reaction rate increases |
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What can you do to a chunk of zinc metal to make it react faster with acid?
A. Crush it into a powder |
Crush it into a powder
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Why does a pile of sawdust burn faster that an equal amount of sticks or wooden log?
A. Surface area is increased |
Surface area is increased
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A. Mass/Matter can neither be created nor destroyed |
Mass/Matter can neither be
created nor destroyed |
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How does a balanced equation illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A. The same # and types of atoms are on both sides |
The same # and types of
atoms are on both sides |
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If two atoms of oxygen are in the reactants, how many atoms of oxygen must be in the products?
A. Two |
Two
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What happens to the properties of substances during a chemical reaction?
A.. They change: new substance is created |
They change: new substance is created
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What phase of matter has a definite shape & volume?
A.. Solid |
Solid
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What phase of matter has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume?
A. Gas |
Gas
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What phase of matter has an indefinite shape and a definite volume:
A. Liquid |
Liquid
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What is freezing?
A Liquid to Solid |
Liquid to solid
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What is the phase change from solid to liquid?
A. Melting |
Melting
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What is the phase change from solid to gas?
A. Sublimation |
Sublimation
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What phase change occurs when you can see your breath in the winter?
A. Condensation |
Condensation
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What would happen to the water level in a glass of water if you left it on the counter for one week?
A. It would Evaporate |
It would Evaporate
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What happens to the heat energy of molecules when water turns to ice?
A. Heat energy is released |
Heat energy is released
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What happens to the distance between the molecules when water turns to ice?
A. Distance decreases and particles move closer together |
Distance decreases and
particles move closer together |
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What happens to the energy and spacing of particles when ice cream melts?
A. Heat energy is absorbed and particles move farther apart |
Heat energy is absorbed and
particles move farther apart |
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What phase change occurs when water droplets form outside a glass of iced tea?
A. Condensation |
Condensation
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In which phase of matter do particles have the most energy and distance between them?
A. Gas |
Gas
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Why is a phase change a physical change of matter?
A. Identity of particles does not change; no new substance formed |
Identity of particles does not
change; no new substance formed |
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What are physical properties of matter?
A. Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance |
Properties that can be observed
without changing the identity of the substance |
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Give five examples of physical changes.
A. Color, shape, size, texture, density, phase change |
Color, shape, size, texture,
density, phase change |
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What is a chemical property of matter?
A. Property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance. |
Property that can only be
observed by changing the identity of the substance. |
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Give five examples of a chemical change.
A. burning, rusting, tarnishing digesting, oxidizing, reacting with acid |
burning, rusting, tarnishing
digesting, oxidizing, reacting with acid |
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What is an element?
A. Substances made up of only one kind of atom; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance |
Substances made up of only
one kind of atom; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance |
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What is a compound?
A. Two or more substances chemically combined; new substance produced with different properties |
Two or more substances
chemically combined; new substance produced with different properties |
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What is a mixture?
A. Two or more substances physically combined; no new substances produced |
Two or more substances
physically combined; no new substances produced |
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Compare a mixture to a compound.
A. New substances produced with different properties in a compound; Substances in a mixtures keep their identities |
New substances produced with different properties in a compound; Substances in a mixtures keep their identities
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What is density?
A. Amount of mass in a given amount of space: mass divided by volume |
Amount of mass in a given
amount of space: mass divided by volume |
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How will liquids of different densities be arranged if poured into a container?
A. Most dense liquids sink to bottom Least dense float on top |
Most dense liquids sink to bottom
Least dense float on top |
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What will the amount of water displaced by a rock dropped in a graduated cylinder tell you about the rock?
A. The volume of the rock |
The volume of the rock
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If a substance with a density greater that 1.0 g/cm3 is placed in water, what will happen?
A. It will sink |
It will sink
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If a substance with a density less than water is placed in water, what will happen?
A. It will float |
It will float
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If a substance has a density of .8g/cm3, what percent of the substance will be under the water line?
A. 80% |
80%
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How can you separate a mixture of iron, salt and sand?
A. Use a magnet to get iron, pour water into salt/sand mixture to dissolve salt, filter sand, evaporate water |
Use a magnet to get iron, pour
water into salt/sand mixture to dissolve salt, filter sand, evaporate water |
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What is solubility?
A. Ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance. |
Ability of one substance to
dissolve in another substance. |
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How does temperature affect solubility?
A. Direct relationship; solubility increases as temperature increases |
Direct relationship; solubility
increases as temperature increases |
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In a mixture of salt water, what is the solute and what is the solvent?
A. solvent= water solute = salt |
solvent= water
solute = salt |
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What is a controlled experiment?
A. An experiment where all the variables except one (independent) are kept the same |
A. An experiment where all the variables except one (independent) are kept the same
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What is the purpose of a control group?
A. It serves as a basis of comparison to the data we collect in the experimental group |
A.It serves as a basis of comparison to the data we collect in the experimental group
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What is the experimental group?
A. The group that contains the independent variable. |
A. The group that contains the independent variable.
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What variable does the control group NOT have?
A. The independent variable |
A. The independent variable
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What do we call the variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment?
A. The independent variable |
A. The independent variable
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What is the dependent variable?
A. The variable that changes in response to the independent variable- the variable about which we collect data |
A. The variable that changes in response to the independent variable- the variable about which we collect data
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How many variables can you change at the same time in a controlled experiment?
A. One |
A. One
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Why can you change only 1 variable at a time (why is there only 1 independent variable?
A. So you know which variable is causing your results |
A. So you know which variable is causing your results
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In an experiment that wants to test what shape dog food Lola likes best, what is the independent variable?
A. The shape of dog food |
A. The shape of dog food
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In an experiment that wants to test what shape dog food Lola likes best, what is the dependent variable?
A. Amount of dog food of each shape Lola eats. |
A. Amount of dog food of each shape Lola eats.
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Three test tubes are set up: one contains water + vinegar; one contains water + salt; one contains only water. Which is the control?
A. Test tube with only water |
A. Test tube with only water
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What is the apparent change in pitch of a sound wave called?
A: Doppler Effect |
Doppler Effect
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What type of relationship exists between wavelength and frequency?
A: Inverse |
Inverse
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What color does a green plant reflect?
A. Green |
Green
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What color does a white shirt reflect?
A. ROYGBIV |
ROYGBIV
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What causes the sound when you hit a drum?
A. Vibration |
. Vibration
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As an ambulance travels towards a person, what type of pitch will that person hear?
A. High Pitch |
High Pitch
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What is the apparent change in pitch of a sound wave called?
A. Doppler Effect |
Doppler Effect
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Why do you see lightening before you hear thunder?
A. Light travels faster than sound |
Light travels faster than sound
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As the frequency of a wave increases, what happens to its wavelength?
A. It Decreases |
It Decreases
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What is the bouncing back of a light wave called?
A. Reflection |
Reflection
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A light hits a mirror at an angle of 60º. At what angle will the light ray reflect?
A. 60 degrees |
60 degrees
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What type of surface will reflect light?
A. Mirror |
Mirror
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What is the bending of light called?
A. Refraction |
Refraction
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What happens to a light wave when it hits water?
A. Speed changes & it refracts |
Speed changes & it refracts
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Can sound travel through space?
A. No- sound needs a medium |
No- sound needs a medium
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What is the highness or lowness of a sound called?
A. Pitch |
Pitch
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What is the material that a wave passes through called?
A. Medium |
Medium
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As a wave travels, what does it carry?
A. Energy only- medium does not move! |
Energy only- medium does
not move! |
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What is the distance from crest to crest of wave called?
A. Wavelength |
Wavelength
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What is the distance from normal resting point to the crest of a wave called?
A. Amplitude (measures energy) |
Amplitude (measures energy)
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What is the low point of a wave?
A. Trough |
Trough
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What property of a sound wave
determines volume? A. Amplitude |
Amplitude
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What is the high point of a wave?
A. Crest |
Crest
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What property of a sound wave determines pitch?
A. Frequency |
Frequency
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What does no slope mean on an acceleration graph (horizontal line)?
A: The object has a constant speed |
The object has a constant
speed |
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You are standing on your skateboard. There is a force of friction to the right of 25.0N and you apply a force to the left of 25.0N. Are you moving?
A: No: forces are equal and opposite (balanced) |
No
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How much force would you have to apply to get a skateboard moving when the force of friction is 15.0N?
A: A force greater than 15.0N. |
A force greater than 15.0N
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Why does a crumpled up piece of paper fall to the ground faster than a regular piece of paper?
A: There is less air resistance on the crumpled piece of paper.(less surface area on crumpled paper too!) |
There is less air resistance on the crumpled piece of paper.
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What is the one force that affects all objects in the Universe?
A: Gravity |
Gravity
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What two factors affect the force of gravity on an object?
A: Mass & Distance |
Mass & Distance
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Why is the Moon’s gravitational force less than the Earth’s gravitational force?
A: The Moon has less mass. |
The Moon has less mass.
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Why does the Moon’s gravitational force have a greater effect on the Earth than the Sun’s gravitational force?
A: The Moon’s is closer to the Earth. |
The Moon’s is closer to the Earth.
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What is a force?
A: A push or a pull |
A push or a pull
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What will happen to an object when two unequal forces are applied to it?
A: The object will move |
The object will move
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If an object has two forces acting on it, when will the object NOT be in motion?
A: The object will not be in motion when there are two equal & opposite forces action on it. |
The object will not be in motion when there are two equal & opposite forces action on it.
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What kind of graph has distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis?
A: A Speed Graph |
Speed Graph
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What kind of graph has speed on the y-axis and time on the x-axis?
A: An Acceleration Graph |
Acceleration Graph
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How is a car shown to be stopped on a Speed Graph? (D/T)
A: The graph will have no slope (horizontal line) |
The graph will have no slope (horizontal line)
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On an Acceleration Graph, a direct relationship shows…
A: The car is accelerating |
The car is accelerating
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On an Acceleration Graph, an indirect relationship shows…
A: The car is decelerating |
The car is decelerating
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What does Newton’s First Law of Motion state?
A: An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (Law of Inertia) |
An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (Law of Inertia)
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What does Newton’s Second Law of Motion state?
A: An object’s force can be determined by its mass and acceleration. F=m x a |
An object’s force can be determined by its mass and acceleration.
F=m x a |
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What does Newton’s Third Law of Motion state?
A: For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction. |
For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.
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During a faceoff in Lacrosse, the ball remains motionless until a player moves it with his/her stick. Which Law of Motion is this?
A: Newton’s 1st Law of Motion |
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
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When bowling, it is easier to knock down the pins with a 15.0kg bowling ball than a 10.0kg ball. Which Law of Motion is this?
A: Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion |
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
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In Track, a high jumper pushes his foot down against the ground in order to make him/her jump up to clear the bar. Which Law of Motion is this?
A: Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion |
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
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In Baseball, the pitcher throws the ball to the catcher. The ball does not change direction until the ball is hit by the bat. Which Law of Motion is this?
A: Newton’s 1st Law of Motion |
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
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When the ball bounces of the post in a Lacrosse game the ball exerts a force on the post and the post exerts a force on the ball. Which Law of Motion is this?
A: Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion |
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
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As air comes out the back of a balloon, the balloon moves forward. Which Law of Motion is this?
A. Newton's Third Law of Motion |
Newton's Third Law of Motion
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What is the smallest unit of matter (smallest unit of an element?
A. An atom |
An atom
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What is an element made of?
A. The same kind of atom |
The same kind of atom
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What type of substance cannot be broken down into a simpler substance?
A. An element |
An element
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What is the charge on an electron?
A. Negative |
Negative
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What is the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom called?
A. Atomic Mass |
Atomic Mass
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What is the charge on a proton?
A. Positive |
Positive
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What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A. Protons and neutrons |
Protons and neutrons
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What is the number of protons in an atom called?
A. Atomic Number |
Atomic Number
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What is the charge on a neutron?
A. Zero/No charge |
Zero/No charge
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What subatomic particles are found in the energy levels of an atom?
A. Electrons |
Electrons
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Whan two or more substances are combined without a chemical reaction (physically combined), what do they form?
A. A mixture |
A mixture
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What happens to the properties of substances when they become a mixture?
A. The do not change |
The do not change
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How can you remove iron from a mixture of pepper and iron?
A. Use a magnet |
Use a magnet
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How can you separate a mixture of sand and water?
A. Use a filter |
A filter
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How can you separate a mixture of salt and water?
A. Evaporate the water |
Evaporate the water
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What type of property is flammable?
A. Chemical |
. Chemical
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What type of property is texture?
A. Physical |
Physical
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What type of changes are phase changes?
A. Physical |
Physical
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What type of property is reactivity?
A. Chemical |
Chemical
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What type of change is the burning of wood?
A. Chemical |
Chemical
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When does water expand?
A. When it freezes |
When it freezes
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What is it called when something is not able to dissolve in water?
A. Insoluble |
Insoluble
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What elements are found to the left of the staircase on the periodic table?
A. Metals |
Metals
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What type of element is shiny, malleable, and ductile?
A. Metal |
Metal
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What type of element is brittle, dull, and a poor conductor?
A. Nonmetal |
Nonmetal
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What type of element has the properties of metals and nonmetals?
A. Metalloids |
Metalloids
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What term describes being able to be hammered into thin sheets?
A. Malleable |
Malleable
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What term describes being able to be drawn into thin wires?
A. Ductile |
Ductile
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What types of elements do not react?
A. Noble Gases |
Noble Gases
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What is the study of matter and its interactions called?
A. Chemistry |
Chemistry
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What is another term for chemical change?
A. Chemical Reaction |
Chemical Reaction
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What happens to the rate of a reaction when surface area increases?
A. It increases |
It increases
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