Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what Geougraphical Features Shaged The aztec Worldview?
|
Soume geougraphisal features were that the mountoins braught te aztecs closer to god because they saiw them as religiuous cites. Another feature was because they were on an isdland they believed they were the centar of the warld making them feel more powerful
- Mark S |
|
|
Chinampa
|
Floating islands built in the water around Tenochtitlan to grow crops.
|
|
|
Chinampa
|
Floating "islands" that the Aztecs used to garden. There were many Chinampas around Tenochtitlan.
|
|
|
Aqueduct
|
A pipe or channel for moving water to a lower level, often used across a great distance.
|
|
|
What are 3 reasons why the Spanish came to the New World?
|
Christianity - they believed it was their job to rid Spain of "heretics" (jewish, muslim, witches) and convert the world to Christianity
Gold Glory and fame |
|
|
Aqueduct
|
A channel used to move water, usually supported on a bridge structure when it had to cross a valley.
|
|
|
Chinampa
|
Chinampas are "floating gardens" that the Aztecs used to plant their crops on because land was limited in Tenochtitlan.
|
|
|
Who was Hernan Cortez?
|
Hernan Cortez was an explorer, who discovered and conqoured the Aztecs.
|
|
|
What were the Aztec codices?
|
Images used to record their culture and ways of life, often painted by priests. The Aztecs had no written language, so everything was recorded in picture form.
|
|
|
Conquistador
|
The word that the Spanish used to describe the leader of an expedition to colonize other lands.
|
|
|
What/who did Cortez have with him when we conqoured the Aztecs?
|
He had 11 ships, 508 fighting men, 100 sailors, 200 slaves, and 16 horses.
|
|
|
Codex/Codices
|
A drawing/ drawings used to record history. The Aztecs had no written alphabet so they recorded using pictures (almost cartoon like.)
|
|
|
What is the importance of Sacrifice in Aztec culture?
|
Aztecs sacrificed victims everyday. They believed that if they did not offer a sacrifice to Huitzilopochtli (sun god) then the sun would not rise in the morning. It was an important part of their culture.
|
|
|
Why did the Aztecs commit human sacrifice?
|
Because they believed that without blood to nourish their sun god, the sun would not rise the following day.
|
|
|
Missionaries
|
somebody sent to another country by a church to spread the along their religion
|
|
|
What were 3 ways the Aztecs expanded their empire?
|
Trade, collecting taxes called "tribute" and war.
|
|
|
Imperialism
|
The extension of power over a territory, including its resources and people.
|
|
|
What were 3 advantages that Cortez had?
|
The three advantages were horses, for their speed, weapons that out-dated the Aztec weapons, and they had the small pox wipe out lots of the population. This made it easier for him.
|
|
|
Human Sacrifice
|
Sacrifice was used to honour and nourish the gods.Huitzilopochtli in particular was said to need blood. Sacrifices happened at least daily on top of the temples, and they were preformed by the priest. Skulls were kept on racks and flesh was eaten.
|
|
|
Missionaries
|
Men and woman from religious orders with the authority to teach and convert people to Christianity.
|
|
|
The Conquistadors’ Formula
|
1.Send out an expedition
2.The Spanish try to meet peacefully 3.Invite the leader to a meeting to exchange gifts 4.Kidnap the leader and threaten to kill him if citizens did not cooperate 5.Always attempt to fight on open ground, where horses and armour gave them an advantage 6.Leader of the expedition would become governor of the new colony 7.Native people forced into slavery |
|
|
What were some of the main ways the Aztecs adapted their land for food and farming?
|
The Aztecs live on very unfertile land. To grow crops to support the empire the Aztecs created chinampas, aqueducts and created a dam to filter the salty water.
|
|
|
What happened when the Spanish and the Aztecs met?
|
When they met, they exchanged gifts and the Aztecs treated Hernan Cortes as if he were a god. After this, much war happened between the two different groups.
|
|
|
The Eagle on the Cactus
|
The Aztecs believed that an eagle perched on a cactus would lead them to their new home. They found this eagle in tenochtitlan and believed it was a sign from the gods
|
|
|
How did the Aztecs feel towards their gods?
|
The Aztecs were afraid of their gods and believed that they would only be satisfied with sacrifice from the Aztecs.
|
|
|
What was Cortez's route to Mexico?
|
His route was: Left from Santiago de Cuba, travel through and along the Caribbean Sea, along the coast of Cuba, up into the gulf of Mexico, and along to the beginning of the Aztec Empire. He set up a city called Veracruz, and set off on foot, and into Tenochtitlan. From there, he went up to New Spain, looped alont the North Pacific Ocean's coast, back to Tenochtitlan, and down to Trujillo.
|
|
|
Status
|
-Emeror at the top, Slaves were at the bottom
-Jewellery, Clothing and height of house told what status you were -In order to move up in status, you had to capture 4 victims for sacrifice |
|
|
Expansion
|
The process of increasing, or increasing something, in size, extent, scope, or number
|
|
|
How is the Aztec Hierarchy similar to or different from the Japanese one?
|
The emperor is at the top of the hierarchy in both cultures. There is a spot for women in the Aztec hierarchy and there isn’t one in the Japanese hierarchy. In Japan, you got the role of Emperor because your father or grandfather was emperor, but in the Aztec culture, the emperor was decided by a vote. In Japan, merchants were near the bottom; Aztecs valued merchants more. Japan did not have slaves, which are at the bottom of the Aztec hierarchy. There were more classes in the Japanese hierarchy. There is no place for religion in Japan. The Aztec society was mostly about food gatherers. Both had some designation for military.
|
|
|
What did Cortez do when he arrived?
|
He set up a camp on the Coast of Mexico. He sent 1 ship back with gold and riches he had so far, and then he burned the other 10 ships, so none of his crew and soldiers could escape.
|
|
|
How did the Aztecs show status?
|
The Aztecs showed what status they were mostly through what they wore and what they ate. If you were a part of a higher status you would wear more elaborate and fine clothing. The higher status also ate foods that were rare and not availiable to the general public.
|
|
|
Citizenship
|
-Modestly (Don’t brag)
-Courage(be strong) -Obediance (follow orders) -Clean living (stay clean and don’t overindulge) -Self-Sacrifice (always be willing to give your life for the empire) |
|
|
What does the hierarchy tell us about what was important to the Aztecs?
|
It tells us that they valued religion, they liked to trade, they valued art over food, they kept many slaves and they were ruled by a single person.
|
|
|
What are the 2 names of the 2 calendars the Aztecs used?
|
Sacred Calendar, which was only read by priests, and the Sun Calendar, which was read by the male population.
|
|
|
What was the Aztec's Leader's name?
|
His name was Moctezuma, or Montezuma.
|
|
|
What was Status in the Aztec empire indicated by?
|
It was indicated by the size and location of a house (only the nobles could have a second story), jewellery (only certain people could wear certain beads and feathers) and clothing (only nobles could wear cotton. Everyone else had to wear clothing made from cactus fibres)
|
|
|
What was the Aztec hierarchy?
|
1. Emporer
2. Nobility and Priests 3. Merchants, Artisans & Soldiers 4. Farmers, Fishers & Women 5. Slaves |
|
|
How do you move up in Aztec society?
|
Aztec warriors were able to move up to a higher status by capturing at least 4 victims for sacrifice. Each time they achieved a higher ‘rank,’ they were allowed to wear a new uniform, made of nicer material.
|
|
|
Who was the girl who the Aztecs called "Traitor"?
|
Her name was Malinche. She became Cortez's advisor, translator and spy.
|
|
|
Tlaloc
|
Rain and water
-My name means "Path beneath the earth" -I demand children sacrifice -I am feared because i send hail, floods, and lighting -I claimed the bodies of drowning victims., They were buried in the earth with seeds planted in their face, in my honour |
|
|
What weapons did the Spanish have?
|
The Spanish had muskets, swords, cannons, crossbows, single headed axes, and double headed axes.
|
|
|
What are Calpullis?
|
Calpullis are groups in which the Aztecs orginized themselves into. Members of a calpulli lived in the same neighbourhood and worshipped at the same temple. Each calpulli elected a captain. Members of the calpulli could be family but usually they just had the same job.
|
|
|
What weapons did the Aztecs have?
|
The Aztecs had wooden clubs, and woooden throwing spears, which had a rock at the end.
|
|
|
Quetzalcoatl
|
Wind
-My name means "feathered serpent" -I left Mexico after a fight with antoher god, sailing away on a raft of snake skins -I vowed to return to Mexico in the year 1 Reed, to bring destruction to the Aztec Empire |
|
|
What was the role of the emperor? Priviledges? Responsibilities?
|
The emperor's job was to keep the entire empire in order and deal with any problems the Aztecs had. Privledges include a huge house with private zoo and gardens, carried around on a screened platform, treated like a god. Responsibilities include commander of the army, chief priest, commander of state and ultimate desicion maker.
|
|
|
What was the name of the God whose father was a ball of feathers?
|
This God's name was Huitzilopochtli. Legend has it that his father was nothing more than a ball of feathers.
|
|
|
What was the story of creation? (how the Aztecs came to live in Tenochtitlan)
|
The Aztecs were told that they needed to set up home where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus. Supposedly, Huitzilopochtli lead them to Tenochtitlan. Here, they created an empire.
|
|
|
Who is the God of War and Sun?
|
This God was Huitzilopochtli. The Aztecs said that he required blood of freshly sacrificed victims.
|
|
|
Tezcatlipoca
|
Good and temptations
-I am a shape shifter, and can often be seen in the form of a Jaguar -I have a black, smoking mirror, which I use to see the visions of the future -I am a most powerful of the Aztec gods -I tempt people with things that are bad for them |
|
|
How did the Aztecs Change the Land of Tenochtitlan to support their living styles?
|
Made chinampas (floating farms), Aqueducts (tunnels for fresh water), a Dam (to stop flooding) and Causeways (bridges to get on and off the island, with removable sections).
|
|
|
Who would Sacrifice the victims for the Sun God?
|
The Priests would usually do the sacrifices for the Sun God.
|
|
|
Huitzilopchtli
|
Sun and War
-I demanded blood from the sacrifice victims for the survival of the Aztec empire -My mother was a goddess and my father was a ball of feathers -I led the Aztecs to their home in Tonochtitlan -My name means "Blue hummingbird on the left" |
|
|
Who was Malinche and how did she help Cortes?
|
Malinche was a Tabaskin who was captured by Cortes during his attack on the Tabaskin's. She was Cortes' spy, translator, negotiator and possibly his love interest. She helped because she gave Cortes a connection with the Aztecs and gave him knowledge about them.
|
|
|
Where were skulls put after sacrifice was performed?
|
They put the skulls on special racks called skull racks.
|
|
|
What is a codex/codices?
|
A drawing used to record history.
|
|
|
What are the qualities of citizenship?
|
- Modesty (Don’t brag)
- Courage (Be strong) - Obedience (Follow orders) - Clean living (Stay clean and don’t overindulge) - Self sacrifice (Always be willing to give your life for the empire) |
|
|
What did Cortez do to Moctezuma when he wanted control?
|
When Cortez wanted control, he placed Moctezuma under arrest, and threatened to kill him if the citizens didn't cooperate.
|
|
|
What new technologies did Cortes bring to the Aztecs?
|
Cortes brought things like firearms, horses, and other technologies that gave Cortes the upper hand in the battle.
|
|
|
What was one of the traits the Aztec citizen had to have?
|
One of the traits was clean living.
|
