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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiology of Sleep 2 systems:
Reticular Activating System (RAS) & Bubular synchronizing region |
facilitates reflex and voluntary movements - controls cortical activites related to state of alertness
-Hypothalamus-controls center for sleeping and waking |
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Stages of Sleep
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Non- rapid eye movement( NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM)
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Stages of sleep Factors
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Stages I and II - 5% to 50% of sleep, light sleep
Stage III and IV - 10% of sleep, deep - sleep states (delta sleep) |
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Stage I
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Person is in a transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep
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Stage II
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This person can be aroused with relative ease
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Stage III
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The depth of sleep increases and arousal becomes increasingly difficult
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Stage IV
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Person reaches greatest depth of sleep, which is called Delta sleep. Arousal from sleep is difficult.
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Sleep Cycle
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-The person passes consecutively through four stages of NREM sleep
-The pattern is then reversed, return from stages IV, III, II -Enter REM sleep instead of reentering stage The person reenters NREM sleep at stage II and moves on to III and IV |
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Identify variables that influence rest and sleep
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Developmental consciousness
Psychological stress Motivation Culture Lifestyle and habits Physical activity and exercise Dietary Habits Environmental factors Illness Medications |
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Nursing Interviews
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Identify a pts sleep-wakefulness patterns
Identify effect of these patterns on everyday functions Assess the presence of sleep disturbances and contributing factors Assess pts use of sleep aids |
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Common sleep disorders
Dyssomnias |
characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness,
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Common sleep disorders
Parasomnias |
patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep Ex. sleep walking, sleep talking, night terrors, enuresis urinating during the day,
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Common sleep disorders
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Insomnia, Hypersomnia,
Narcolepsy, Sleep Apnea, Sleep deprivation |
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Insomnia &
Assessment |
characterized by difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep ; when reporting have been observed to fall asleep more quickly and asleep more than they report
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Narcolepsy
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is a condition characterized by an uncontrollable desire to sleep. A person with this can literally fall asleep at the wheel, in the middle of a conversation, and while swimming.
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Sleep Apnea
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is a condition in which a person experiences the absence of breathing ( apnea) or diminshed breathing ( hyponea) during sleep between snoring intervals. Breathing may cease for 10 - 20 seconds, possible as long as 2 minutes
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Sleep deprivation
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refers to a decrease int he amount , consistency, or quality of sleep.It may result from a decrease in REM and NREM. Total sleep deprivation is rarely seen other than in experimental
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Hypersomnia
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characterized by excessive sleep especially during the day ; when they are awake they are often disoriented, irritated, restless, and have slower speech, and thinking process
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Sleep Diary when indicated?
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Time pt retires
Time pt tries to fall asleep Approximate time pt falls asleep Time of any awakening in morning Presence of any stressors affecting sleep |
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Physical Assessment skills
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Energy Level
Facial characteristics Behavioral Characteristics Physical data suggestive of sleep problems |
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Sleep Diary continues:
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Record of food, drink, or medication affecting sleep
Record of physical and mental activities Record activities 2-3 hrs before bedtime Presence of worries or anxieties affecting sleep |
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Nursing Interventions to Promote sleep
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Prepare a restful environment
Promote bedtime rituals Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages Promote relaxation and comfort respect normal sleep wake patterns Reschedule nursing care to avoid disturbances Use medications to produce sleep |
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Nursing Diagnosis's
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Difficulty falling asleep
Difficulty staying asleep Premature awakening Excessive daytime Sleeping alerted Sleep- Wake Patterns |
