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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a drug?
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Chemical entity that alters biological function (and possibly structure) not required for normal health.
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Psychoactive drugs
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Has an effect on mood and behavior;
Directly influences neurotransmission/brain chemicals |
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Psychotherapeutic vs. Recreational
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Psychotherapeutic- Drugs used entirely to treat clinical disorders of mood and behavior. Antipsychotics, Antidepressants.. etc.
Recreational- Drugs not used for clinical purposes. (All recreational drugs are psychoactive and have desirable/therapeutic effects.) |
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Caffeine
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-Energy Aid
-Analgesic adjuvant (relieves pain from headaches) |
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Nicotine
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Vigilance
(less destraction Memory? |
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Amphetamine
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-Energy aid
-Weight loss |
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Cocaine
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-Local anesthetic
(insensitivity to pain in part of the body) -Energy Aid |
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Heroin
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Pain relief
Cough suppressant |
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MDMA
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Relationship issues
PTSD? |
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Marijuana
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Glaucoma
Pain Stimulates appetite |
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Barbiturates
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Sleep aid
Anxiolytic (treats anxiety) |
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8 Ways to classify drugs
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-Chemical structure
-Origin (e.g., poppy plant) -Pharmacological effect -Mechanism of action (e.g., stimulates DA receptors) -Therapeutic effect -Abuse liability -Licit/Illicit -DEA Schedule |
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Schedule 1 Drugs
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Potential for abuse & dependence:
HIGH Accepted Medical Use: NONE; Research Only Example: Heroin, LSD, Cannabis |
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Schedule 2 Drugs
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Potential for Abuse & Dependence:
HIGH Accepted Medical Use: Rx, restrictions Example: Cocaine, Ritalin, Oxycontin |
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Schedule 3 Drugs
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Potential for Abuse & Dependence:
MODERATE Accepted Medical Use: Rx, restrictions Example: Ketamine (anesthetic) |
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Schedule 4 Drugs
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Potential for Abuse & Dependence:
LIMITED Accepted Medical Abuse: Rx Example Xanex, Valium |
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Schedule 5 Drugs
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Potential for Abuse & Dependence:
LIMITED Accepted Medical Use: OTC, Rx Example Robitussin A-C |
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Classifications of Drug Effects/Experiences (4)
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Emotional/Subjective
Behavioral Physiological Cognitive (Perception of time, paranoia) |
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What determines the drug experience (3)
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1. Characteristics of the drug
2. Characteristics of the drug user 3. Characteristics of the drug setting |
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Characteristics of the drug:
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1. Dosage
2. Route of Administration 3. Neurochemical Effects 4. Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, and metabolism) *One of the three determinants of drug experience.* |
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Characteristics of the drug user
(Determinant of Drug Experience) |
Genetics
Personality Gender Age Expectancies Tolerance Species *One of the determinants of drug experience* |
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Characteristics of the drug setting
(Determinant of drug experience) |
-Cultural factors
-Environment (Situational Specificity of Tolerance) -Social Situation |
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Epidemiology
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Survey a sample of people
National Survey on Drug Use and Health Ages 12 and Older |
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Incidence and Prevalence
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Incidence: Number of new cases
Prevalence: Number of Existing Cases |
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Comorbidity
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-Multiple psychiatric disorders
(possibly including a substance use disorder; ex: Depression & Alcohol Use, or: Depression & Anxiety) -Multiple substance use disorders: Alcohol & Cocaine abuse/dependence 51% of respondents with any lifetime substance use disorder also had at least one other lifetime psychiatric disorder. |
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Odds Ratios
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Indicates how much more likely someone is to have a certain disorder if they have specific disorder already diagnosed.
Ex: Person w/ alcohol use disorder is 11.7x more likely to have cannabis use disorder. |
