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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False?
Diffusion Limits Cell Size |
True
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A cell cannot survive unless there is enough _____ to support its protein needs.
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DNA
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What are the three factors that contribute to cell size limitations?
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Diffusion
DNA Surface Area to Volume Ratio |
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As a cell's size increases, it's _______ increases much faster than its surface area.
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Volume
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True or False?
All cells come from preexisting cells. |
True
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The cells created during cell division are ______to the parent cell.
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Identical
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Just before cell division, short stringy structures appear...what are they?
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Chromosomes
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What is the function of chromosomes?
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They carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation.
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For most of a cell's life, how do chormosomes exist?
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As chromatin
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Describe chromatin
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Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins
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What is it?
Sequence of growth and division of a cell |
Cell Cycle
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What's another name for a cell's growth period?
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Interphase
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What happens after Interphase?
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Mitosis Begins
The first step is Prophase |
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What is the name given to the process by which two daughter cells are formed?
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Mitosis
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What are the three stages of Interphase?
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G1 S Stage and G2
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What occurs during Interphase G1?
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Protein synthesis rapidly occurs
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What occurs during Interphase S Stage?
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Chromosomes are replicated in the nucleus and they divide to form identical sister chromatids connected by a centromere.
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What happens during Interphase G2 ?
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The chromosomes shorten and coil and additional protein synthesis occurs
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Which stage of Interphase is the longest?
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G1
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List the things that happen during Interphase.
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Cell Grows
Cell Copies Chromosomes DNA Sythesis Mitochondria and Other Organelles are Created |
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During what phase of mitosis are spindle fibers, sister chromatids, and the centromere visible?
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Prophase
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During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move to the equator or center of the spindle?
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Metaphase
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What is the name given to the small dark cylinderical structures that are made of microtubules just outside the nucleus?
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Centrioles
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What is the name given to the football shaped cage like structure consisting of thin fivers made of microtublues
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Spindle
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How are the doubled chromosomes attached to the spindle fibers?
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By there centromeres
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What marks the beginning of the anaphase?
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The separation of sister chromatids
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What's another name for the division of the cytoplasm?
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Cytokinesis
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What phase of mitosis has the chromatids reaching opposite poles of the cell?
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Telephase
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True or False?
Mitosis cannot gurantee genetic continuity |
False
Mitosis does guarantee genetic continuity |
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Multiple organs working together is called an _____ ______
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Organ System
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What controls the cell cycle?
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Enzymes
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What is one result of uncontrolled cell division?
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Cancer
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Where are genes located?
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On chromosomes
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A gene is a segment of _____.
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DNA
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Cancer is thought to be a mistake in one or more of the genes that produce _____.
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Enzymes
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How prevelant is cancer?
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It's the second leading cause of death in the US exceeded only by heart disease
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What's the name given to masses of cells formed by cancerous cells?
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Tumors
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How does cancer spread throughout the body?
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Through the circulatory system, usually in the later stages of cancer
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Diets low in _____ and high in _____ can reduce the risk of cancer.
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Low in Fat
High in Fiber |
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What are the two layers of skin?
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Epidermis and Dermis
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What causes basal cell carcinoma?
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Sun Damage
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What's the most lethal form of skin cancer?
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Malignent Melanomas
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What's a common sign of a malignent melanoma?
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Strange discoloration and abnormal size.
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The life cycle of a cell is divded into how many general periods? What are they called?
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Two Periods
Interphase & Mitosis |
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List the threethings the cells of most muticellular organisms are organized into.
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Tissues
Organs Organ Systems |
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List two things you can do to prevent cancer.
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Eat a Healthy Diet and Exercise Regulary
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