8.1.02 Blood - Erythrocytes

Front 1

3 major formed elements of blood

Back 1

erythrocytes - leukocytes - platelets

Front 2

erythrocytes (RBC) produces ____, carries ____, carries __% of ____, & contributes to blood ____

Back 2

hemoglobin - oxygen - 20 - CO₂ - viscosity

Front 3

shape of RBC

Back 3

biconcave

Front 4

__% of RBC is ____

Back 4

97 - hemoglobin

Front 5

how many hemoglobin molecules per RBC

Back 5

250-280 million

Front 6

hemoglobin is __-__ g/100 ml blood in females

Back 6

12-16g/100ml

Front 7

hemoglobin is __-__ g/100 ml blood in males

Back 7

13-18g/100ml

Front 8

hemoglobin is composed of (2)

Back 8

globin protein - heme pigment

Front 9

hemoglobin binds to

Back 9

O₂

Front 10

hemoglobin may also bind to 2 gases

Back 10

CO₂ or CO

Front 11

binding of ____ to hemoglobin is dangerous

Back 11

CO

Front 12

hemoglobin is made up of 4 ____ ____, each bound to a ____ group

Back 12

globin chains - heme

Front 13

__ O₂ per hemoglobin molecule

Back 13

4

Front 14

hemoglobin forms ____ in lungs

Back 14

oxyhemoglobin

Front 15

deoxyhemoglobin results in release of

Back 15

O₂ in tissues

Front 16

in carbaminohemoglobin, ___ may bind to globin

Back 16

CO₂

Front 17

erythrocyte production (erythropoiesis) occurs where

Back 17

in red bone marrow - epiphyses of femur + humerus - spongy bone of sternum + hip

Front 18

erythropoiesis is stimulated by ____

Back 18

erythropoietin (EPO)

Front 19

EPO is secreted by

Back 19

kidneys

Front 20

formed elements arise from the same ____ cell in the bone marrow

Back 20

stem

Front 21

hemocytoblast are committed to become a ____

Back 21

RBC

Front 22

hemocytoblast begin ____ production

Back 22

hemoglobin

Front 23

in hemocytoblast, ____ are ejected & the ____ degenerates

Back 23

organelles - nucleus

Front 24

hemocytoblast takes how long to become RBC

Back 24

3-5 days

Front 25

reticulocytes enter

Back 25

circulation

Front 26

reticulocytes fully mature __ days after entering circulation

Back 26

2

Front 27

how many RBCs produce per second

Back 27

over 2 million

Front 28

2 components necessary for erythropoiesis

Back 28

iron + B vitamins

Front 29

kidney cell hypoxia =

Back 29

↑EPO production

Front 30

accelerated RBC production triggered by (3)

Back 30

↓RBC numbers - ↓O₂ availability - ↑O₂ demand by tissues

Front 31

____ hormone enhances erythropoietin production

Back 31

testosterone

Front 32

RBC lifespan is

Back 32

3-4 months

Front 33

in old RBCs, cell fragments are destroyed by ____ in ____ & ____

Back 33

macrophages - liver - spleen

Front 34

in old RBCs, hemoglobin breaks down to ____ & ____

Back 34

breaks down - globin - heme

Front 35

in old RBCs, globin breaks down to ____ ____

Back 35

amino acid

Front 36

in old RBCs, the iron of the heme group gets ____

Back 36

reused

Front 37

in old RBCs, remainders become ____ (pigment)

Back 37

bilirubin

Front 38

bilirubin is secreted in ____ from the ____ into the ____ ____

Back 38

bile - liver - small intestine

Front 39

2 erythrocyte disorders

Back 39

anemias - polycythemia vera

Front 40

anemias is any disorder that __creases …

Back 40

decreases O₂ carrying capacity

Front 41

4 symptoms of anemias

Back 41

fatigue - chills - dizziness - shortness of breath

Front 42

anemias cause 3 things

Back 42

reduced number of RBCs - decreased hemoglobin - abnormal hemoglobin

Front 43

reduced number of RBCs can be caused from (3)

Back 43

blood loss - RBC destruction - bone-marrow failure

Front 44

3 types of ↓RBCs anemias

Back 44

hemorrhagic anemia - hemolytic anemia - aplastic anemia (abnormalities in marrow)

Front 45

3 decreased hemoglobin causes

Back 45

iron deficiency - athletes anemia - pernicious anemia

Front 46

pernicious anemia is ____ deficiency due to ____ factor

Back 46

B12 - intrinsic

Front 47

2 abnormal hemoglobin anemias

Back 47

thalessemias - sickle cell anemia

Front 48

thalessemias is ____ from Mediterranean descent

Back 48

genetic

Front 49

in thalassemias, ____ ____ is depressed & RBC count is ____

Back 49

globin synthesis - reduced

Front 50

sickle cell anemia is ____, from ancestors in the ____ belt

Back 50

genetic - malaria

Front 51

in sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin is ____ & RBCs are ____ (sick-shaped)

Back 51

abnormal - collapsed

Front 52

polycythemia vera is too ____ erythrocytes

Back 52

many

Front 53

polycythemia vera causes ____, ____ RBC count (hemocrit may be 80%), ____ blood, & impaired ____

Back 53

dizziness - high - viscous - circulation

Front 54

polycythemia vera may be result from ____ ____ ____

Back 54

bone marrow cancer

Front 55

polycythemia vera can be caused from ____ ____ or use of ____

Back 55

blood doping - EPO